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481.
螯合剂在植物修复铅污染土壤中应用的研究现状及展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤铅污染危害严重。已成为环境污染治理中的热点问题。植物修复以其操作简便、成本低、没有二次污染等优点成为众多修复方法中的首选措施。重金属铅污染的螯合诱导技术是在化学修复、植物修复的基础上发展起来的,具有绿色、环保、经济高效等优点,本文主要分析了国内外铅污染的现状,从螯合剂的种类以及螯合剂诱导下植物对铅吸收和累积效应等方面综述了螯合剂诱导强化植物修复技术的研究进展,最后提出了重金属铅污染土壤螯合诱导植物修复技术存在的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
482.
483.
为揭示不同生态型五节芒在抵抗Pb胁迫机制方面的异同,以粤北大宝山矿山开采地优势植物五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)为试验材料,比较了五节芒非矿山生态型(采自惠州市博罗县丘陵山地)和矿山生态型(采自大宝山矿区)在相同Pb质量分数下的生理响应。Pb胁迫会导致五节芒叶片MDA的积累,非矿区生态型五节芒MDA积累的幅度要大于矿区种群。非矿区生态型五节芒叶片中SOD的活性被Pb胁迫抑制,POD活性都受到Pb胁迫的诱导比对照有所增加,但矿区生态型增加的幅度要大于非矿区生态型,矿区生态型植株两种酶的活性在最高w(Pb)时都显著高于非矿区生态型植株。随Pb处理质量分数增大,非矿区种群五节芒叶片中PPO的活性呈先增加再下降的趋势,矿区生态型则显著增加,在最高w(Pb)处理时活性要显著高于非矿区生态型。表明矿山型五节芒的耐重金属Pb要强于非矿山型。 相似文献
484.
485.
采用高效液相色谱紫外检测器测定水中四乙基铅,用二氯甲烷液液萃取,以甲醇/水混合溶液(体积比为95:5)为流动相,Z0RBAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱分离,选择测定波长为280 nm.方法在0.100mg/L~1.00mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限和测定下限分别为0.01μg/L和0.04μg/L,水样平行... 相似文献
486.
A new method that utilizes pretreated silica gel as an adsorbent has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) prior to the measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH, the shaking time, the elution condition and the coexisting ions on the separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the static adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) were 45.5 and 27.1mg/g, the relative standard deviations were 3.2% and 1.7% (for n = 11), and the limits of detection obtained were 4.25 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The method was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials GBW 07304a (stream sediment) and successfully applied to the analysis of various treated wastewater samples with satisfactory results. 相似文献
487.
David L. Johnson Kimberly McDade Daniel Griffith 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(2):81-88
Venous blood lead values for 2,633 children aged 0–4 years in Syracuse, New York, collected between 1 April 1992 and 31 March 1993 were summarised by census tract for study of geographic variability. A demographic exposure model is presented showing housing stock and SES (socioeconomic status) parameters as the most significant predictor variables. A seasonal trend in blood lead levels was observed with late summer values about 40% higher than late winter values for census tracts with the highest geometric mean PbB levels. Seasonal variation is compared with a biokinetic uptake model to examine hypotheses about temporal variations in soil and dust lead exposure patterns. 相似文献
488.
本研究测试了某城市60例暴露于不同浓度空气铅的血铅水平、δ-ALAD活性和FEP值。结果表明其血铅水平随暴露程度的增大而升高,δ-ALAD活性则随暴露和蔼的增大而降低,经统计学分析,各组之间存在显著性差异。 相似文献
489.
V.G. Thomas 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1997,10(1):41-54
Lead shot deposited in fields and woodlands near shooting rangesand intense, upland, hunting adds an enormous tonnage of lead toenvironments, worldwide. This contamination is not remedied bybanning lead shot use only for waterfowl hunting. Lead pelletsdisintegrate extremely slowly, during which time they may beingested from the soil by wild birds, livestock, or silage-makingmachinery, and cause sublethal or fatal lead poisoning. Leadpellet corrosion products contaminate soil, surface waters, andground waters, often exceeding permissible levels. Plants do notconcentrate much lead from the soil, except when grown in acidicsoils of heavily-contaminated shooting ranges. Inheavily-contaminated sites, earthworms ingest leadcompounds which are bioaccumulated in higher consumersof food webs. Non-toxic substitutes made from steelor bismuth are available internationally and areeffective for all types of hunting and targetshooting. Many nations are slow to require their use,despite the marked awareness of the problems of leadshot contamination and toxicosis. This is due tohunters and international sport shooting organizationsopposing the use of non-toxic substitutes and overtemphasis by government agencies on the burden ofscientific proof for every situation, rather thantaking preventative action according to thePrecautionary Principle. The ethical approach ofDenmark and The Netherlands, which banned all uses oflead shot, is advocated as a precedent for othernations to adopt. 相似文献
490.
净化铅烟用新型SV式洗涤器 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SV型洗涤器净化铅烟微细颗粒,采用双级溅锥喷嘴喷雾,并通过低阻力文氏管使水滴进一步雾化,使粉尘与水滴充分接触碰撞而产生凝并,从而捕集润湿凝聚的大颗粒粉尘。再采用特殊的波纹脱水器捕集带尘水滴,使烟气脱水。同时通过水中的碱〔NaOH〕与铅粒的化学反应,增强净化效果。 相似文献