铅蓄电池行业清洁生产要点探讨

针对我国铅蓄电池行业现状,从铅蓄电池生产所用原辅材料、生产工艺装置、过程控制、末端治理、职业卫生、废电池回收、生产能力要求及布局等多个角度出发,对该行业开展清洁生产的各个要点环节进行了探讨研究。     

二壬基萘磺酸反胶团萃取模拟废水中的铅

以二壬基萘磺酸（DNNSA）反胶团煤油溶液萃取模拟含铅废水中的铅。在萃取前水相中铅离子浓度为3×10-4 mol/L、DNNSA浓度为0.010 mol/L、油水比为1∶20、模拟含铅废水pH为6、萃取温度为303 K、萃取时间为40 min的条件下,萃取后水相中铅离子浓度为0.845×10-4 mol/L,有机相中铅离子浓度为4.517×10-3 mol/L,铅萃取率为71.83%。DNNSA反胶团萃取铅离子萃取容量为1 188.62 mg/g,热力学焓变为2.595 kJ/mol。     

氢化物原子荧光法测量环境水样中铅含量

铅污染已经成为我国环境保护工作中一个热点问题,快捷、准确测量铅的含量是环境保护部门预防、处理铅污染工作的决策前提。文中介绍氢化物原子荧光法测量水样中铅含量的方法原理、分析步骤及技术细节,并通过试验认证方法的可行与优点。     

不同浓度硒处理对彩叶草铅胁迫的EDXS和XRD分析

以彩叶草（ColeusblumeiBenth．）为材料,用营养液培养方法,研究了不同浓度硒（se）处理对浓度为1．0mmol·L-1Pb2＋胁迫下彩叶草根、叶的形貌变化及其组分形态等变化,从光谱学角度初步探讨了硒对重金属铅毒害的缓解机制。结果表明：铅胁迫下的彩叶草根系c、K、ca含量减少,O、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Pb含量增加,叶片中的C、Mg、Al、si、K、Ca、Fe含量减少,O、Cl含量增加。铅胁迫下硒处理的彩叶草根元素种类及其元素含量均发生了明显变化;根中晶体情况及其晶相也发生了相应变化。     

双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铜、铅和镉

用双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ。试验选定了测定条件,结果表明,在弱碱性介质中,能同时定量萃取Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ。方法的相对标准偏差〈３％。加标回收率９２％－１０２％,检出限分别为Ｃｕ０．０６,Ｐｂ０．１４,Ｃｄ０．００２。本法操作简便,快速,已应用于海水中Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ的分析,取得令人满意的结果。     

DBS-偶氮氯膦分光光度法测定铅的研究

为了克服用双硫腙比色法测环境样品中铅的选择性差和条件要求严等缺点,研究了铅与ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦的显色反应,并提出了用分光光度测定铅的新方法,在稀盐酸介质中,铅与ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦形成１：２的蓝色配合物,最大吸收波长位于６３５ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为４．７×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１,铅量在０－２５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。     

Health implication among occupational exposed workers in a chromium alloy factory, Thailand

IntroductionNationalStatisticalOffice ,Thailand (NSO ,2 0 0 0 )reportedthattheneedformetalmanufacturingindustriesandassociatedproductionsectorhasincreasedatanextremelyrapidrate ,especiallyinthecentralpartofThailand .Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan 10 0 …     

Benzene and lead exposure assessment among occupational bus drivers in Bangkok traffic

IntroductionAirpollutionproblemsasaresultoffastgrowthinthetotalnumberofvehiclesinurbancitiesareontheincrease .PreliminaryepidemiologicalexposureassessmentsuggestthatthedetrimentaleffectofairpollutiongeneratedbyvehiculartrafficindevelopingcitieslikeBangkok…     

HW型高分子捕集剂处理含铅铜废水

采用聚丙烯酰胺、NH：OH·HCI和NaOH反应合成了HW型高分子捕集剂（简称捕集剂）,考察了捕集剂对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为100mg／L的废水的处理效果。研究结果表明：在含Ph^2＋废水pH为6．5～7．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋）：1．6、反应时间为50min的最佳条件下,Ph^2＋去除率达100．00％;在含Cu^2＋废水pH为5．5～6．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Cu^2＋）=1．0、反应时间为60min的最佳条件下,Cu^2＋去除率达99．73％。对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为50mg／L的混合废水,n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋＋Cu^2＋）=1．2时,对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋的去除率均达到99％以上。捕集剂去除pb^2＋,Cu^2＋的机理为羟肟酸基团与Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋反应生成稳定的螯合物。与中和法沉淀物相比,捕集剂与Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋反应生成的螯合物的Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋浸出量小,具有更好的环境安全性。     

Effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil

The effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn was studied. Three soils with pH ranging from 3.8 to 7.3, organic carbon （OC） from 0.7% to 2.4%, and clay from 12.3% to 35.6% were selected. Soils were spiked with reagent grade Cd（NO3）2, Pb（NO3）2, and Zn（NO3）2 at concentrations of 30 mg Cd/kg soil, 300 mg Zn/kg soil and 2000 mg Pb/kg soil. The soils were incubated at 35, 60, 105℃, respectively and went through four wet-dry cycles. Metal availability in soils was estimated by soil extraction with 0.1 mol/L Ca（NO3）2. According to this study, the effect of the spiking temperature on the metal availabilities was different among the metals, soils and wet-dry cycles. Mostly, 35 ~C was the first recommended spiking temperature for Cd and Pb while no spiking temperature was obviously better than others for Zn. Three wet-dry cycles was recommended regardless of the type of metals and incubation temperature.