全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8122篇 |
免费 | 654篇 |
国内免费 | 1815篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 468篇 |
废物处理 | 25篇 |
环保管理 | 1349篇 |
综合类 | 5265篇 |
基础理论 | 801篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 312篇 |
评价与监测 | 579篇 |
社会与环境 | 1446篇 |
灾害及防治 | 342篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 56篇 |
2023年 | 139篇 |
2022年 | 298篇 |
2021年 | 301篇 |
2020年 | 303篇 |
2019年 | 293篇 |
2018年 | 263篇 |
2017年 | 334篇 |
2016年 | 424篇 |
2015年 | 485篇 |
2014年 | 364篇 |
2013年 | 482篇 |
2012年 | 639篇 |
2011年 | 663篇 |
2010年 | 445篇 |
2009年 | 439篇 |
2008年 | 415篇 |
2007年 | 571篇 |
2006年 | 579篇 |
2005年 | 498篇 |
2004年 | 372篇 |
2003年 | 354篇 |
2002年 | 301篇 |
2001年 | 234篇 |
2000年 | 234篇 |
1999年 | 192篇 |
1998年 | 125篇 |
1997年 | 117篇 |
1996年 | 115篇 |
1995年 | 97篇 |
1994年 | 89篇 |
1993年 | 71篇 |
1992年 | 50篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 781 毫秒
801.
802.
803.
航空安全风险管理模式探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
航空安全需要动态管理,因此构建并实施基于问题管理的航空安全风险管理模式就非常有意义。本文探讨了航空公司、机场和空管的安全管理工作如何围绕航空安全问题为中心进行制度、组织、日常管理构建,注重问题的识别、分析和解决,切实有效的地解决安全问题。实施安全问题管理变专职安全管理为全员安全管理;变间接安全管理为直接安全管理;变滞后安全管理为超前安全管理;变僵化安全管理为创新安全管理;变被动安全管理为主动安全管理;变模糊安全管理为务实安全管理。无疑这种管理模式均适合民航三大主体的安全管理需求。 相似文献
804.
结合国内外对航空安全文化定量和定性的研究结果,定义了航空安全文化,并阐述航空安全文化的内涵,介绍国内外航空安全文化研究的进展情况,指出了国内外航空安全文化研究的差距,进而给出我国航空安全文化的研究方向。目的在于使以后的研究越来越关注实证角度,为从人为因素角度加强航空安全提供可靠、可信的数据支持,提高飞行绩效,创造安全飞行周期新记录,最终提高航空公司的经济及社会效益。 相似文献
805.
天然气钻井井口安全距离研究分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析天然气钻井井场可能发生的事故类型及事故的破坏程度,选择适合的事故后果模型,对天然气井井喷失控后可能发生的蒸气云爆炸及硫化氢扩散的后果进行量化分析,根据超压-冲量准则、热剂量准则和硫化氢扩散行为规律,计算出爆炸波、爆炸火球及硫化氢扩散的危害范围。笔者建立了天然气钻井井口安全距离的计算模型,并提出一种确定安全距离的方法。通过计算给出不同无阻流量、不同硫化氢体积含量的20种条件下的天然气钻井井口安全距离,并应用该模型对某含硫气井井口安全距离进行了计算。实例表明,该方法具备实用性,值得在天然气井选址规划中推广和使用。 相似文献
806.
基于道化学法的大型合成氨装置安全评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数的基本原理。用VH6.0开发的安全评价软件DowSE1.0,对某大型合成氨装置进行安全评价,得出其安全措施补偿前后的火灾、爆炸指数F&EI以及危险暴露面积,危害系数,危险等级,实际可能财产损失程度等指数。结果表明。合成氨装置中实际最大可能财产损失值都没有超过200万美元,气化系统在合成氨装置中实际最大可能财产损失值占损失替换值比例高达53%,超过了10%的相对危险值界限。说明在引进国外技术时应注重其安全防范配套措施消化吸收,并结合实际采取切实可行的安全措施,降低合成氨装置的风险程度。 相似文献
807.
Frank J. Triska John H. Duff Richard W. Sheibley Alan P. Jackman Ronald J. Avanzino 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):60-71
Abstract: Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention‐transport through a headwater catchment was synthesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial riparian ground water; (3) ground water discharged through subchannel sediments (hyporheic zone); and (4) channel surface water. During subsurface hillslope transport through Zone 1, DIN, primarily nitrate, decreased from ~3 mg‐N/l to <0.1 mg‐N/l. Ambient seasonal nitrate:chloride ratios in hillslope flow paths indicated both dilution and biotic processing caused nitrate loss. Biologically available organic carbon controlled biotic nitrate retention during hillslope transport. In the alluvial riparian zone (Zone 2) biologically available organic carbon controlled nitrate depletion although processing of both ambient and amended nitrate was faster during the summer than winter. In the hyporheic zone (Zone 3) and stream surface water (Zone 4) DIN retention was primarily controlled by temperature. Perfusion core studies using hyporheic sediment indicated sufficient organic carbon in bed sediments to retain ground water DIN via coupled nitrification‐denitrification. Numerical simulations of seasonal hyporheic sediment nitrification‐denitrification rates from perfusion cores adequately predicted surface water ammonium but not nitrate when compared to 5 years of monthly field data (1989‐93). Mass balance studies in stream surface water indicated proportionally higher summer than winter N retention. Watershed DIN retention was effective during summer under the current land use of intermittently grazed pasture. However, more intensive land use such as row crop agriculture would decrease nitrate retention efficiency and increase loads to surface water. Understanding DIN retention capacity throughout the system, including special channel features such as sloughs, wetlands and floodplains that provide surface water‐ground water connectivity, will be required to develop effective nitrate management strategies. 相似文献
808.
Hydrological Connectivity Between Headwater Streams and Downstream Waters: How Science Can Inform Policy1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tracie‐Lynn Nadeau Mark Cable Rains 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):118-133
Abstract: In January 2001, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers exceeded its statutory authority by asserting Clean Water Act (CWA) jurisdiction over non‐navigable, isolated, intrastate waters based solely on their use by migratory birds. The Supreme Court’s majority opinion addressed broader issues of CWA jurisdiction by implying that the CWA intended some “connection” to navigability and that isolated waters need a “significant nexus” to navigable waters to be jurisdictional. Subsequent to this decision (SWANCC), there have been many lawsuits challenging CWA jurisdiction, many of which are focused on headwater, intermittent, and ephemeral streams. To inform the legal and policy debate surrounding this issue, we present information on the geographic distribution of headwater streams and intermittent and ephemeral streams throughout the U.S., summarize major findings from the scientific literature in considering hydrological connectivity between headwater streams and downstream waters, and relate the scientific information presented to policy issues surrounding the scope of waters protected under the CWA. Headwater streams comprise approximately 53% (2,900,000 km) of the total stream length in the U.S., excluding Alaska, and intermittent and ephemeral streams comprise approximately 59% (3,200,000 km) of the total stream length and approximately 50% (1,460,000 km) of the headwater stream length in the U.S., excluding Alaska. Hillslopes, headwater streams, and downstream waters are best described as individual elements of integrated hydrological systems. Hydrological connectivity allows for the exchange of mass, momentum, energy, and organisms longitudinally, laterally, vertically, and temporally between headwater streams and downstream waters. Via hydrological connectivity, headwater, intermittent and ephemeral streams cumulatively contribute to the functional integrity of downstream waters; hydrologically and ecologically, they are a part of the tributary system. As this debate continues, scientific input from multiple fields will be important for policymaking at the federal, state, and local levels and to inform water resource management regardless of the level at which those decisions are being made. Strengthening the interface between science, policy, and public participation is critical if we are going to achieve effective water resource management. 相似文献
809.
质量保证与质量拉制是水质自动监测中十分重要的技术工作和管理工作,包括人员素质、运行与管理机制、试剂与标准溶液的配制及文件记录等。在实际工作中,监测人员可根据仪器的运行状况,定期对仪器进行校准、标准溶液的棱查、比对实验验证及试剂有效性检查,用以检查仪器的基线飘移情况。如果分析中出现一个异常值,它的前后均为正常值,这种数值大多是由仪器的进样、仪器内部试剂传输等原因所致,如果发生原因不明的数据异常,就要及时检查系统的各个环节并采集实际水样进行人工分析,直至查清原因,剔除异常值,并在周报中加以说明,以确保上报数据的准确性、精密性和可比性。 相似文献
810.
ABSTRACT: Thames Water is one of ten regional Water Authorities established in 1974 to manage all water services in England and Wales. This paper looks back at water reorganization and reviews the achievements and highlights of the last three years. Constitutionally, Water authorities are a combination of a nationalized industry and local authority. This has advantages and disadvantages. Freedom of action, particularly in financial matters, is constrained by Government and official agencies. A severe pollution of the upper Thames and the drought of 1976 tested Thames Water's ability to deal with emergencies. Thames Water does not have an operational monopoly. Private Water Companies supply one third of the water demand and local authorities manage nearly all the sewers. But Thames Water's control over planning and investment ensures that the river basin is managed in a coordinated fashion. Tariff structure changes have led the Authority to bill all its consumers direct. The Thames is a small but intensively used river and vigilance is needed to maintain water quality. Thames Water is proud of the restoration of the tidal Thames from a typical grossly polluted metropolitan estuary to its present excellent condition. The British Government intends to establish a national water industry strategic planning organization but at the same time they affirm that there can be no departure from the principle of integrated river basin management. 相似文献