Impacts of the Rising Opportunity Cost of Farm Labor on Agricultural Land Use Structure: Theory and Empirical Evidences

Nowadays the rising of opportunity cost of farm labor comes to the forefront of attention in China. In order to understand its impact on agricultural land-use structure, a theoretical framework of household economics is formulated drawn on Low’s model. Under the theoretical framework, the impact of the rising opportunity cost of on-farm on cropping structure is deduced in theory. And then, using statistic and survey data, taking mountain area of southern Ningxia as an example, the theoretical assumes are verified. The results show that the rise of opportunity cost of farm labor leads to less diversified cropping structure.     

雾滴传热传质特性的理论计算模型

建立了不同雾化粒度下雾滴传热传质特性的理论计算模型,其计算结果能与实验喷雾干燥脱硫塔上所得数据较好地吻合。所得的雾滴干燥曲线和吸收曲线有助于了解雾滴在塔内的干燥。反应过程,从而指导工业装置设计和操作的改进。     

LF钢包精炼炉烟气参数的理论分析与计算

用钢包精炼炉(LF)炉气量、炉盖烟气量、炉盖烟气温度等参数结合冶炼工艺及炉盖结构进行理论分析,总结出确定以上参数的计算公式,以此可指导LF的工艺设计、炉盖结构设计以及除尘系统的设计与实践。     

生物脱臭的机理研究进展及操作参数控制

生物脱臭物质已成为当今恶臭处理研究的主流,文章对近些年来关于生物脱臭理论模型的最新研究进行了综述。主要模型包括吸收-生物膜理论,吸附-生物膜理论,生物膜随片理论。由于操作参数对生物滤床的良好运行起着关键作用,同时介绍了填料、进气流量、进气浓度、湿度等操作参数对生物脱臭的影响。     

属性识别理论模型在环境质量评价中的应用

把近来提出的属性识别理论模型引用到环境质量评价中,经实例分析,与模糊数学模型及综合指数法作了比较,表明属性识别理论模型评价环境质量是合理可行的。     

驾驶行为理论模型研究概述

通过回顾驾驶行为的研究概况,重点介绍了4种理论模型:计划行为理论、威慑理论、事故原因模型、情境中介模型。在此基础上,分析了我国驾驶行为研究现状,并提出开展我国驾驶行为研究的初步建议和未来的研究方向:发展适用于我国的驾驶行为模型,并进一步研究在我国文化背景和道路环境下,不安全驾驶行为与示范性规范、文化因素以及情境变量等因素之间的关系,从心理学角度减少不安全驾驶行为和事故卷入,改善交通安全,提高交通效率。     

活性污泥法的发展及其工程选择

本文阐述了城市污水处理活性污泥法的发展沿革,着重介绍了近三十年出现的几个重要工艺的特点;文中还提出在建设中、小城市污水处理厂时对工艺行根据。建设在目前应更多关注SBR,UNITANK及OD工艺。     

Changes in groundwater levels and the response of natural vegetation to transfer of water to the lower reaches of the Tarim River

Restoration and reconstruction of the degraded Tarim River ecosystem is an important challenge.A goal of an ecological water conveyance project is to protect and restore the natural vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River by transferring water from Bosten Lake,through the river channel,to the lower reaches.This study describes the changes in groundwater depth during the water transfer and the respondence of riparian vegetation to alterations in groundwater levels.The results indicate that groundwater depth along the Tarim River channel has a significant spatial-temporal component.Groundwater levels closest to the river channel show the most immediate and pronounced changes as a response to water transfer while those further away respond more slowly,although the observed change appears to be longer in duration.With a rise in the groundwater level,natural vegetation responded with higher growth rates,biomass and biodiversity.These favorable changes show that it is feasible to protect and restore the degraded natural vegetation by raising the groundwater depth.Plant communities are likely to reflect the hysteresis phenomenon,requiring higher water levels to initiate and stimulate desired growth than what may be needed to maintain the plant community.Because different species have different ecologies,including different root depths and densities and water needs,their response to increasing water availability will be spatially and temporally heterogenous.The response of vegetation is also influenced by microtopography and watering style.This paper discusses strategies for the protection and restoration of the degraded vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and provides information to complement ongoing theoretical research into ecological restoration in arid or semi-arid ecosystems.     

高速铁路地基膨胀泥岩变形试验及计算研究

为研究某高铁地基膨胀泥岩在含水率和上覆荷载共同作用下的膨胀变形规律,通过室内试验和理论推导,分析地基膨胀泥岩的膨胀量随时间增长及含水率增加的变化规律.结果表明:无荷载地基膨胀泥岩的膨胀量随时间增加呈阶梯式持续增长趋势;有荷载地基膨胀泥岩的膨胀量在上覆荷载作用初期减小,然后随时间增加呈阶梯式增长趋势,膨胀变形结束时间约为...     

中国贫困山区开发性环境移民模式的理论探讨

本文是在甘肃中部与河西、宁夏南部与河套地区开展的大规模开发性环境移民实证性研究基础上,进行中国贫困山区开发性环境移民理论模式的探讨,试图构造开发性环境移民的理论框架及其指标体系,使环境移民规范化、科学化,避免盲目移民或以经验出发实施移民后带来的一系列环境问题和社会问题。