喷射火环境下石化管廊管道失效特征试验研究

为探究喷射火灾下石化管廊管道热力学响应特征,依据流体力学相似理论搭建缩比试验平台,开展石化管廊管道热力学响应试验研究.通过分析火灾中管道热力学响应特征及事故多米诺演化特征,探讨各因素对管道升温和失效的影响程度,并结合强度理论建立管道失效时间定量计算模型.研究结果表明:火灾功率是管道失效的主导因素,随着火灾功率的增大,管...     

土壤腐殖酸慢热解表征实验影响因素研究

以土壤提取的腐殖酸为研究对象,进行了差式量热扫描(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)的可重复性实验、样品质量对比实验和预处理对比实验。综合分析了影响慢热解特征温度参数的因素和效应,并根据作用原理将其总结为热滞后效应和反应平衡滞后效应。结果表明,高级热分析技术用于土壤慢热解表征可重复性良好,差式量热扫描与热重分析结果可比性强,然而热分析曲线和热特征参数对实验条件的响应灵敏,其中样品质量和升温速率的影响尤其显著。研究结果表明,慢热解技术用于土壤有机质分析具有良好的准确性和重现性,提出了保障土壤腐殖酸慢热解质量控制的最佳样品量[DSC为(10±0.1)mg]、最佳气体氛围(He)和最佳升温速率(10℃/min)、精确压实程度等实验条件。     

Using thermal analysis with kinetic calculation method to assess the thermal stability of 2-cyanopropan-2-yliminourea

Azo compounds, which are commonly used as initiators and blowing agents, are also typical self-reactive materials capable of undergoing runaway reaction during storage and transportation, which can cause severe fires and accidents. To ensure the thermal safety of azo compounds in the process, transportation, and applications, this study investigated 2-cyanopropan-2-yliminourea, which can also be called V-30. First, thermal decomposition characteristics under the non-isothermal conditions were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. Second, the collected data were combined with a mathematical model to evaluate the primary thermal hazard during the process for V-30. Then, based on a heat-transfer model, the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) was extrapolated for consideration and non-consideration of consumption of chemicals. The results showed that SADT of V-30 was less than 80 °C. Therefore, it is essential to avoid a temperature beyond SADT or the cooling system will fail. The influence of consumption was also considered for SADT in this study.     

污泥协同处置技术及应用分析

对我国火电厂、水泥窑在污泥协同处置方面的基本情况进行了简要介绍和分析,并对气化炉、烧结窑炉和冶金高炉等炉窑在污泥协同处置方面的应用技术进行了简要介绍。指出我国火电厂和水泥窑协同处置能力较强,但由于经济效益问题,企业协同处置污泥的积极性不高,致使行业实际处理量远小于其处理能力。同时指出气化炉、烧结窑炉和冶金高炉等其他炉窑在协同处置工业污泥方面具有适用范围广、就地处置成本低等优势,需要对其进行扩展性、挖潜性研发。     

辐射制冷技术在安全帽上的应用研究*

为缓解夏季配戴安全帽导致的头部高温不适,采用具有光谱选择特性的辐射降温涂料对安全帽表面光学性能进行改性,经光学测试,安全帽的太阳辐射反射率由45%提升至89%,大气窗口发射率由92%提升至95%。对安全帽进行降温效果测试,并基于测试结果建立热力学模型。结果表明:在阳光直射下,改性安全帽内部温度低于普通白色安全帽,温差最大12.2 ℃;在热力学模型中,即使在夏季最热时间段（12∶00～14∶00）,改性安全帽内部温度仍可比普通安全帽低8 ℃,预测平均评价值由普通安全帽的3.5降低至1.0,预测不满意百分比从100%降低至20%。     

环境温湿度及风速对消防服热舒适属性影响的定量研究

为量化环境条件对消防服热舒适性能的影响,选取我国02式消防服,测量其在不同环境温度、湿度及风速条件下的热阻和湿阻并得出拟合公式;通过回归分析法分析环境条件对热阻和湿阻的影响,提出其对热阻和湿阻影响的数学模型。结果表明:风速对热阻和湿阻的影响较大,而环境温度和湿度对热阻及湿阻的影响较少;风速与整体热阻及整体湿阻呈负相关,而风速与固有热阻和固有湿阻呈正相关。该研究可为消防服热舒适性能测试及高性能防护装备研发提供理论指导。     

超声波诱导降解甲胺磷

报道了用超声波诱导降解模拟水中低浓度甲胺磷农药的可行性试验.试验中探讨了声强、辐射时间、温度、初始pH和外加亚铁盐或H2O2等对降解效果的影响.试验结果表明,在甲胺磷浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L、起始pH2.5、温度30℃、Fe2+＞50mg/L、充O2至饱和的条件下,用低频超声波(80W/cm2)连续辐照120min,甲胺磷去除率达到99.3%.     

胶结充填体水化放热规律及其影响研究

为了研究充填采矿法中胶结充填体的水化放热作用,现场实测充填体温度,并对充填体散热的影响及治理进行了研究。研究结果表明:充填采矿法的采掘作业面均依靠局扇供风,因此通风效果直接影响作业面热环境,充填作业完成后3 d内放热量达到最大,此时充填体周围采场气温达28℃以上,应依据降温风速（0.5~1.0 m/s）的要求重新计算需风量;运用Ventsim预测采深为1 456 m时在3种风速下的采场热环境,当独头风量为3 m3/s时属于一级热害矿井,当风量增至6 m3/s和9 m3/s时热害降至一级标准以下,热环境明显改善,且入风为21.4℃、风量为6 m3/s时采场气温会降至27.2℃,因此加大采场有效风量和风速是改善深部热环境的有效措施;充填水化热与采场气温呈正相关,因此应合理安排作业计划,避免在放热量大的充填体周围作业,如需作业应加强通风,人员上岗应进行职业健康检查,合理安排岗位并及时发放降暑饮品,以免出现紧急情况或危险。     

瓦斯爆炸后空间温度分布及热危害区域分析研究

为了获得瓦斯爆炸引发次生灾害的特性参数,建立了超压预测模型及爆炸后空气温度衰减模型,并结合实验数据进行了验证。结果表明:依据所建立的超压修正模型,不同浓度和体积下的超压在爆源附近呈对数形式快速下降,之后缓慢趋向平稳;基于模型修正的爆炸超压计算公式,能够很好的对各个情形的瓦斯爆炸超压进行计算,吻合较好。对初始瓦斯体积相对较小的情形吻合度很高,对于初始体积大的瓦斯爆炸超压在100 m附近会出现一定误差,但有一定指导意义。瓦斯爆炸热危害区域的研究,对瓦斯爆炸次生灾害的防治工作具有重要意义。     

Politics of Edibility: Reconceptualizing Ecological Relationality

Taking the Infinity Burial Project (IBP) as its inspiration, this essay theorizes a politics of edibility by way of decomposing the discursive boundaries erected between human bodies and environments. In particular, this essay reads the IBP as a deconstruction of another dualism—eater/eaten—that permeates and informs cultural practices from birth to burial. Mobilizing a rhetoric of carnality, the IBP decomposes the human body's relation to its environments, merging its statuses as eater and eaten. At the same time, this rhetoric of carnality also emphasizes the irreducibly productive nature of consumption as an articulatory practice in its own right. As this essay argues, a politics of edibility not only recognizes the superficiality of the body/environment and eater/eaten dichotomies but it also respects the relations generated in the wake of their deconstruction.