热解析-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中挥发性有机化合物

建立了热解析-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中挥发性有机化合物的分析方法,并对色谱分离条件、玻璃针筒保存样品的稳定性、固相微萃取萃取纤维、萃取时间、色谱进样时间等条件进行了优化,9种挥发性有机化合物的峰面积与其质量浓度在所测范围内有较好的线性关系,相对标准偏差＜8.8%,检出限为0.05～0.75 μg/100 mL,满足实际空气样品测定需要。     

污水污泥间壁热干燥实验研究

研究了污泥间壁热干燥的工艺过程,分析了其工艺参数、冷凝水水质和产生的污染气体,探讨了有机物水解机理.结果表明,污泥含水率与停留时间呈负指数函数相关.收集到的干燥冷凝水属高浓度有机废水,其总有机碳（TOC）、挥发性有机酸（VFA）和氨氮（NH₃-N）浓度均很高,pH值保持在9～9.5.干燥冷凝水中挥发性有机酸和氨氮来源于2部分：低温110 ～130℃时,主要发生蛋白质的水解,生成有机酸和氨氮;高温140～150℃时,主要发生脂肪类的水解,生成有机酸.干燥温度低于150 ℃时,污泥间壁热干燥过程无污染气体产生.     

Health and environmental assessment of mercury exposure in a gold mining community in Western Mindanao, Philippines

The small-scale gold mining activities using mercury began in the late 1980s in Sibutad, Western Mindanao. It is located very near the Murcielagos Bay with tailing ponds directly discharging into bodies of water. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the health and environmental effects of gold mining activities on the community. Residents were randomly selected and classified into two groups, namely, the directly exposed and indirectly exposed populations using a set inclusion criteria. Complete medical and laboratory examinations were performed. Environmental and biologic samples were collected for total mercury and methylmercury determinations. The results showed that the directly exposed group had significantly higher mean blood total mercury and methylmercury levels in comparison with the indirectly exposed population. Although there were no significant differences between hair total mercury and methylmercury levels, there was a trend for higher levels of these biomarkers among the directly exposed residents as compared with the unexposed group. The absence of statistically significant differences may be attributable to the small sample size. Ambient air quality monitoring for mercury exceeded the allowable levels. However, levels of mercury in drinking water and sediments were within allowable limits. Frequency of gastrointestinal complaints was significantly associated with elevated hair methylmercury levels (p=0.02). Also, there appears to be a trend towards higher blood total mercury levels and frequency of gastrointestinal complaints (p=0.09). An interesting finding in this study was the increasing incidence of elevated diastolic blood pressure with elevated hair total mercury levels (p=0.07). Mercury storage at home is a risk factor.     

铁矿石对脱除烧结废气中NOx的催化效应

向混合料中加添加剂能够在烧结过程中脱除烧结废气中的NO。实验研究了铁矿石对NO脱除反应的催化效应。在900℃下,分别以5种不同铁矿石作为填料层,用2种标准气体和压缩空气配制的混合气体模拟烧结废气。试验结果表明,铁矿石种类对铁矿石的催化能力有重要影响。D型铁矿的催化能力最强而且不会发生弱化,NO转化率接近100%;其它几种铁矿石的催化能力较差,随着反应时间的延长有明显的弱化现象,但很快即基本趋于稳定状态,NO转化率达到了60%~70%。     

热阻力概念的修正及计算方法

以隧道火灾为背景,对一维加热管流中的热阻力进行了研究。通过压力场数值模拟与理论分析,直接证实了热阻力的存在,并表明传统概念上的热阻力明显大于实际的能量损失。根据能量方程提出水平无粘管流的热阻力应等于气流经过加热区的全压力降,而非静压力降;等截面管流的热阻力大小应为传统热阻力值的1/2。这一修正使热阻力概念具有了严格的流体力学意义。在定义新的热阻力系数基础上,建立了2个热阻力系数表达式及低马赫数条件下热阻力的近似表达式。将该近似表达式与热损失方程进行对比,表明两者在低马赫数条件下具有一致性。研究成果进一步发展了热阻力理论体系,对隧道火灾及其它相关工程热物理问题的研究与应用都具有重要价值。     

太阳热反射涂料的研制

根据涂料反射太阳热的原理,以丙烯酸树脂为基料,以金红石型钛白粉、云母粉及空心玻璃微珠为原料,制备了隔热性能和耐候性能均良好的太阳热反射隔热涂料,并研究了颜料、填料种类、粒径、涂层厚度对涂料隔热性能的影响。     

气凝胶消防服隔热层研制的可行性分析

为了减少火焰环境对消防员的伤害,基于消防服隔热层对消防员生命安全保障的重要性,运用对比描述的方法对现有隔热层进行了分析比较,探究了其优缺点和性能,提出了轻质且具有优异隔热性能是隔热层的发展趋势,通过对气凝胶性能的理论分析和服用性能分析,研究了利用气凝胶材料研制消防服的隔热层,结果表明气凝胶在服装领域应用已经比较广泛,在消防服领域中也已有初步应用,但用气凝胶研制消防服隔热层仍存在着一定的挑战。     

侧向风速作用下聚氨酯泡沫双火源火蔓延研究

为探究环境风作用下逆向双点火源聚氨酯泡沫火蔓延及融合行为,开展多组对照实验并从材料传热机理角度分析侧向风速对火蔓延行为中火羽流形态、质量损失和辐射热流场等特征参数的影响。结果表明:风速与上述参数之间存在非线性关系。环境风效应使火焰被拉长且敷贴于预热区表面,增大预热区面积和热反馈;侧向风速的增加对FPU板材质量损失的影响逐渐弱化,且板材的熔滴率与风速呈正相关;无论侧向风是否存在,两侧逆向火焰融合后均达到整个蔓延过程中的峰值温度;风速的存在限制了火焰温度与辐射热通量峰值,也缩短了温度和辐射峰值出现的时间。     

苦味酸测定中关键问题的研究

目前测定苦味酸的国标方法为《生活饮用水标准检验方法有机物指标》(GB/T 5750.8—2006)中的衍生物-液液萃取-气相色谱法,在实际测试过程中,发现水样pH值和基质效应会影响苦味酸测定。当pH值为8~12时,生成的氯化苦响应强度变化不大;在pH约为13时,响应强度最大。水质中除腐殖酸、硝基甲烷及2,4,6-三硝基甲苯会影响苦味酸测定外,硝基酚类和甲基酚类同样起到正干扰作用,因此,国标方法不能全面和准确地测定水中的苦味酸含量。     

Thermal decomposition mechanism of 65% lysine sulfate powder and its thermal stability based on thermal analysis

Lysine is widely used in the fields of food, medicine and feed, which generally appears in the form of lysine sulfate or lysine hydrochloride dust because of the high instability of the free L-lysine. The L-lysine Sulfate is in high risk of decomposition, spontaneous ignition and even the dust explosion, because the control temperature in its production process is high up to 90 °C. Thus, the thermal behaviors and its thermal stability of 65% lysine sulfate are experimentally explored in Air and Nitrogen using the simultaneous TG-DSC measurements. Results show: (1) the decomposition of 65% lysine sulfate can be divided into three stages both in the atmospheres of air and nitrogen, and most of the weight loss occurred in the first two stages, which are related with the decarboxylation and deamination process. (2) The effects of atmosphere on the decomposition of 65% lysine sulfate mainly occur at the third stage. In this stage, the weight loss in nitrogen is only 14.2%, which is much lower than that in air (34.3%), which is related to the oxidative degradation at high temperature. Besides, the active energy is slightly increased in nitrogen compared to that in air. (3) The initial temperatures of the decomposition of the 65% lysine sulfate are 145 °C and 155 °C, for the air and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively, which are much lower than that (260 °C) of the pure lysine.