水力冲孔技术在大倾角薄煤层中的应用

针对矿井现有防突措施的不足,介绍了水力冲孔技术的设备、工艺流程及现场试验情况.研究表明,在大倾角薄煤层应用水力冲孔技术,可有效地消除激发突出的应力,大幅度地释放煤体中的瓦斯,能明显提高瓦斯的抽采效果,很好地起到了综合防突的作用,且石门揭煤周期缩短为2个月.     

碳黑改性TiO2薄膜光催化剂的研制

通过掺杂碳黑来提高TiO2薄膜光催化剂的吸附性能，消除固定膜反应体系中经常出现的传质限制问题，使催化剂的活性由未经改性的3.2mg/L提高到4.8mg/L，相当于浓度为0.2g/L DegussaP25TiO2悬浮体系的效果，同时研究了影响催化剂活性的主要制备条件，获得的适宜制备条件为浓硝酸添加量1.0mL，热处理温度500℃，热处理时间2h，最佳涂覆次数为8次。     

电沉积ZnO膜光电催化降解4-硝基酚研究

用硝酸锌水溶液作电解质,采用阴极电沉积法在玻碳电极上制备了具有光电化学活性的氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜。以ZnO膜电极为工作电极对4-硝基酚进行了光电催化降解处理,系统研究了外加偏压、4-硝基酚浓度、电解液浓度以及pH值对4-硝基酚在ZnO膜电极上的光电催化降解效果的影响。结果表明:在外加偏压为1.0V,电解液浓度为0.1mol/L,溶液为近中性条件(pH为6.3)时对0.05mmol/L的4-硝基酚2小时的降解效率达到了98.8%。     

近距离薄煤层群上保护层开采邻近层卸压瓦斯抽采模式探究*

为研究近距离薄煤层群上保护层开采期间邻近层卸压瓦斯对回采工作面瓦斯涌出的影响,进而有效杜绝保护层开采过程中工作面瓦斯积聚或超限等事故,结合煤岩体破碎前“应力-裂隙-渗透率”间关系,建立卸压瓦斯三维渗流模型。采用Flac3D软件,以新维煤矿煤层条件为工程背景,研究保护层开采过程采场渗透率沿纵向分布规律,确立下保护层C3煤层处于三维增渗区、C7与C8号煤层处于水平增渗区。基于此,提出“近场定向钻孔全覆盖抽采与远场穿层钻孔层间卸压抽采结合”的瓦斯治理技术模式,并开展现场试验,结果表明:试验工作面回风瓦斯浓度降低44.4%,绝对瓦斯涌出量降低52.3%,该模式可显著提高卸压瓦斯的治理效果,为类似工况下的保护层开采提出1种新的瓦斯抽采模式,具有一定的指导及借鉴意义。     

Effects of CdCl2 thermal annealing on CdZnTe thin films deposited by close-spaced sublimation

采用近空间升华法制备了CdZnTe薄膜,并对其进行CdCl2退火,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、紫外光谱仪、I-V测试仪等研究了退火对薄膜表面形貌、成分、结构以及光电性能的影响。结果表明,经过CdCl2退火后薄膜的晶粒尺寸明显增大,晶粒分布更加均匀;XRD分析结果显示,退火后薄膜的最强峰（111）峰的半峰宽变窄,薄膜沿（111）方向的择优取向明显增强;退火后薄膜的光学透过率降低,截止边红移,光学禁带宽度减小;薄膜的电阻率在退火后下降了两个数量级。     

利用秸秆微生物产絮凝剂的提取及性质分析

文章对一株利用秸秆粉——无机氮源培养基的细菌所产生的微生物絮凝剂进行了粗提和性质分析。该絮凝剂对于高岭土——氯化钙悬浊液的絮凝率达93.96%,效果较好。将该细菌接种在液体培养基中,于恒温摇床发酵培养,经测定,主要絮凝成分位于发酵液上清液中,对发酵液上清液进行热稳定性和pH稳定性实验,结果表明,该絮凝剂在室温25℃、pH为7条件下絮凝效果最好。采用乙醇法对发酵液上清液进行提取,即可得该微生物絮凝剂粗品。经Molish反应及茚三酮反应显色可知,该絮凝剂含有糖类及蛋白成分,经苯酚硫酸法测定其中糖含量占湿重的11.666%,经考马斯亮蓝法测定其中蛋白含量占湿重的0.586 4%,经薄层层析分析得,该微生物絮凝剂含有的主要糖类成分为阿拉伯糖。     

LCA study of photovoltaic systems based on different technologies

This work deals with the application of a Life Cycle Assessment approach for evaluating the environmental and energy impacts ascribed to the production of photovoltaic (PV) cells of first and second generations. PV technologies based on silicon and CuInSe₂ (CIS) thin films were taken into account herein. PV systems prepared with amorphous silicon (a-Si) showed a low environmental impact and short energy payback time when compared to those ones obtained using crystalline silicon (c-Si). PV technologies associated with mono-crystal (mono-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (multi-Si) showed large emissions of CO₂, nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds, particulates, and SO₂ into air per square meter of PV panel processed. In addition, these technologies displayed a significant fossil fuel demand, biological oxygen demand, and global warming potential, which make them eco-unfriendly. Ribbon silicon (ribbon-Si) and CIS thin films showed intermediate impact scores, but further improvements in their production chain are needed before these devices are commercially used. The technologies examined herein were categorized in first- and second-generation technologies in order to compare their environmental impact and conversion efficiency. Much attention was also paid to the development of third-generation PV cells with improved conversion efficiencies and lower environmental impacts.     

薄膜扩散梯度技术测量砷的影响因素及其应用

研究了水体中常见无机阴离子和腐植酸对以氧化锆为固定膜的新型薄膜扩散梯度技术(Zr-oxide DGT)测量砷(As)的影响及其在自然地表水体中的应用.结果表明,短期(16h)暴露,SO₄^2-无影响,而HCO₃^-、Cl^-、SiO₃^2-和腐植酸有一定的影响,其忍耐的最高浓度值分别为360mg/L、45g/L、100mg/L和36mg/L.1~4d暴露期间,37~148mg/L的HCO₃^-、1.44~2.88g/L的SO₄^2-、12~24g/L 的Cl^-、8~24mg/L的SiO₃^2-和3~9mg/L的腐植酸均无影响,而高浓度的HCO₃^-(370mg/L)、SO₄^2- (8.64g/L)、Cl^-(72g/L)和腐植酸(27mg/L) 3~4d以及SiO₃^2-(72mg/L) 2~4d的存在明显降低该技术对As的吸收富集,并对As(III)的作用更大.将Zr-oxide DGT技术应用于南京市地表水体,并与传统的主动监测方法进行比较,发现利用Zr-oxide DGT技术测得的溶解态As浓度与传统的主动采样技术测定浓度一致.     

The determination of partition coefficients of organic compounds in technical products and waste waters for the estimation of their bioaccumulation potential using reversed phase thin layer chromatography

Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) has been investigated for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients (P), an important parameter for the prediction of the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. A strong correlation between P derived from the traditional octanol/water system and RPTLC has been established over five orders of magnitude. RPTLC data are likewise correlated to results obtained by high performance chromatography (HPLC). Due to the low costs, simplicity and separation power RPTLC is especially suited for the investigation and screening of mixtures of compounds before more complicated tests are involved.

Results from a round robin test on the determination of partition coefficients by HPLC, RPTLC and the batch method indicate the simplicity and accuracy of the RPTLC technique. Applications of the RPTLC‐technique on technical products and industrial waste waters are described.     

梯度薄膜扩散技术(DGT)与传统化学方法评估黑麦草吸收Cd的对比

为研究不同方法评估黑麦草吸收Cd的效果,采集了16个不同理化性质实际Cd污染土壤,盆栽试验种植黑麦草,采用梯度薄膜扩散技术(DGT)测定黑麦草根际土Cd的生物有效性,并与离心法采集土壤溶液、乙酸(HAc)和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTANa2)3种传统提取方法所提取土壤有效态Cd含量进行比较,研究其与黑麦草地上部和地下部Cd含量的相关关系.结果表明,DGT提取的土壤有效态Cd含量与黑麦草中Cd含量的相关性显著高于化学提取法.运用多元统计分析研究土壤pH、阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质(OM)和土壤颗粒组成等理化指标的影响,提取出两种主成分因子,建立了多元回归模型.第一主成分与OM和黏粒(clay)之间呈显著相关,定义为土壤中影响重金属生物有效性的"有机指标",第二主成分则与土壤pH和CEC相关程度较高,定义为土壤中影响重金属生物有效性的"无机指标".研究表明,第二主成分显著影响了3种化学方法构建的预测模型,而DGT技术综合了两种主成分对土壤有效态Cd含量的影响,所构建的模型几乎不受土壤基本理化性质的影响,说明DGT分析法是一种预测黑麦草吸收Cd的较好方法.