半干法烟气脱硫新技术——粉末-颗粒喷动床技术

粉末 颗粒喷动床 (powder particlespoutedbed ,PPSB)是近几年来由日本研究人员开发的一种新的半干法烟气脱硫技术。本文介绍了PPSB的基本原理、优点以及在试验条件下所得到的影响因素和适宜的运行方式。PPSB在系统结构、废物处理、操作和费用方面比湿法有所提高 ,同时又比干法和其他半干法的去除率和吸收剂的利用率高。此外 ,对吸收剂研究结果表明 ,石灰石的脱硫效率虽然不及石灰 ,但是由于PPSB中吸收剂的停留时间长 ,气、固、液三相接触好的特点以及可以对石灰石进行研磨 ,因此 ,利用石灰石作吸收剂的PPSB完全可以达到理想的脱硫效率 ,同时也可以保持较好的经济性。但是 ,目前还没有大规模的试验和应用。所以PPSB是一项十分值得进一步开发和应用的烟气脱硫新技术。     

Organic compounds in the flue gas from a power station with circulating fluid bed combustion of coal

Numerous organic compounds have been analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) in flue gas after fluid bed combustion of four coal species from South Africa, Poland, Spitsbergen and Ruhr area (Germany). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated, heterocyclic and nitro compounds as well as phthalate esters are detected.     

Development and prospects of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in China

With the lack of space for new landfills, municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is playing an increasingly important role in municipal solid waste management in China. The literatures on certain aspects of incineration plants in China are reviewed in this paper, including the development and status of the application of MSW incineration technologies, the treatment of leachate from stored MSW, air pollution control technologies, and the status of the fly-ash control method. Energy policy and its promotion of MSW-to-energy conversion are also elucidated.     

三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术研究应用进展

阐述了三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术的工艺特点和发展概况,介绍了三相好氧生物流化床在污水处理领域的研究及应用现状,并分析了其存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

Bed Stability and Sedimentation Associated With Human Disturbances in Pacific Northwest Streams1

Abstract: To evaluate anthropogenic sedimentation in United States (U.S.) Pacific Northwest coastal streams, we applied an index of relative bed stability (LRBS*) to summer low flow survey data collected using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program field methods in a probability sample of 101 wadeable stream reaches. LRBS* is the log of the ratio of bed surface geometric mean particle diameter (D_gm) to critical diameter (D*_cbf) at bankfull flow, based on a modified Shield’s criterion for incipient motion. We used a formulation of LRBS* that explicitly accounts for reductions in bed shear stress that result from channel form roughness due to pools and wood. LRBS* ranged from ?1.9 to +0.5 in streams within the lower quartile of human riparian and basin disturbance, and was substantially lower (?4.2 to ?1.1) in streams within the upper quartile of human disturbance. Modeling results suggest that the expected range of LRBS* in streams without human disturbances in this region might be generally between ?0.7 and +0.5 in either sedimentary or volcanic lithology. However, streams draining relatively soft, erodible sedimentary lithology showed greater reductions in LRBS* associated with disturbance than did those having harder, more resistant volcanic (basalt) lithology with similar levels of basin and riparian disturbance. At any given level of disturbance, smaller streams had lower LRBS* than those with larger drainages. In sedimentary lithology (sandstone and siltstone), high‐gradient streams had higher LRBS* than did low‐gradient streams of the same size and level of human disturbance. High gradient streams in volcanic lithology, in contrast, had lower LRBS* than low‐gradient streams of similar size and disturbance. Correlations between D_gm and land disturbance were stronger than those observed between D*_cbf and land disturbance. This pattern suggests that land use has augmented sediment supplies and increased streambed fine sediments in the most disturbed streams. However, we also show evidence that some of the apparent reductions in LRBS*, particularly in steep streams draining small volcanic drainages, may have resulted in part from anthropogenic increases in bed shear stress. The synoptic survey methods and designs we use appear adequate to evaluate regional patterns in bed stability and sedimentation and their general relationship to human disturbances. More precise field measurements of channel slope, cross‐section geometry, and bed surface particle size would be required to use LRBS* in applications requiring a higher degree of accuracy and precision, such as site‐specific assessments at individual streams.     

悬浮填料滤池固液分离新技术的中试试验研究

本文提出了采用悬浮填料滤池对活性污泥混合液进行固液分离的新技术。该技术所采用的悬浮填料滤池可直接设置在生化反应池末端,取消原工艺中的二沉池。中试试验对悬浮填料滤池的固液分离效果,滤池的运行周期及冲洗方法进行了研究。试验证明,悬浮填料滤池运行稳定,在进水表面负荷高达2.0~3.0 m3/m2.h的情况下出水SS达到城镇污水处理厂污染物二级排放标准(GB18918-2002),工作周期可达到5天以上。悬浮填料滤池可采用曝气方法进行冲洗,操作管理简单,冲洗效果良好,便于实现自动化运行。     

IABR-IBAF工艺处理猪场稳定塘废水的实验研究

难降解有机物含量高且碳氮比失调是造成养猪场稳定塘废水难于处理的主要原因。本文采用基于固定化微生物技术的厌氧折流板（IABR）与曝气生物滤池（IBAF）组合工艺处理稳定塘废水,对比了IABR-IABF组合工艺与单一IBAF工艺的处理效果,研究了碱度和碳源对硝化反硝化过程的影响。组合工艺平均进水COD1532．6mg／L,平均出水为332．7mg／L,去除率为78％,NH3-N平均进水538．6mg／L,平均出水为12．3mg／L,去除率97．7％。以新鲜废水做反硝化阶段的碳源时TN去除率93％,可有效解决脱氮过程中的碳源成本问题。     

流动床生物膜反应器在污水处理中的应用研究现状

给出了流动床生物膜反应器的定义、分类及其特点 ,并对各种流动床生物膜反应器的优缺点及近年来在污水处理中的应用状况进行了总结 ,根据实际应用效果 ,提出了各类反应器的适用处理对象     

利用人工湿地脱除废水中氨氮和磷的统计分析

论述了利用人工湿地脱除废水中氨氮和正磷酸盐类污染物的统计分析,调查基于国外文献报道的研究数据和实际运行数据.结果表明,污染物输入和输出浓度关系可以由线形规律获得关联,这些污染物因子脱除动力学也可以用适于BOD降解的Kichuth一级脱除方程来描述.由不同人工湿地关联的一级动力学常数具有较好的相关性.     

旋流诱导介质振荡再生增强含油污水微通道分离

受微通道分离介质再生后截滤残留污染物影响,常规微通道分离效率持续衰减,成为抑制微通道分离广泛高效应用的关键瓶颈。通过开发旋流振荡再生单元,研究了旋流振荡再生强度和振荡再生结构对微通道分离装置过滤介质再生效率的影响,由此集成研发沸腾床分离器,考察了装置对实际含油污水的分离效率,并分析了微通道振荡再生对沸腾床分离的强化原理以及装置的分离经济性。结果表明,当再生强度为5.0 L·(s·m²)⁻¹时、再生15 min后采用轴向振荡再生结构,沸腾床分离器达到最佳再生工况。在最佳再生工况下开展10 m³·h⁻¹实际含油污水连续处理实验,针对油质量浓度为30~200 mg·L⁻¹、悬浮物质量浓度为25~200 mg·L⁻¹的来水,装置出水平均油分和悬浮物质量浓度分别降至11.4 mg·L⁻¹和23.5 mg·L⁻¹,并可在来水最高油质量浓度和悬浮物质量浓度接近50 000 mg·L⁻¹的冲击工况下,确保出水平均油分和悬浮物质量浓度降至15.9 mg·L⁻¹和29.8 mg·L⁻¹。利用沸腾床分离器再生结构中旋流诱导的过滤介质表界面污染物振荡运动,分离过程中截滤残留的油分和悬浮物等污染物被及时脱附,实现颗粒介质表界面彻底更新,确保装置长周期稳定运行。以200 m³·h⁻¹规模实际含油污水处理为例,沸腾床分离工艺相对涡凹气浮和溶气气浮的组合工艺,可完全取消化学絮凝药剂消耗且不产生化学浮渣,且具有显著的经济环保效益。