生态塘处理农村生活污水的效果分析

通过浮床技术在稳定塘水面种植生态植物加强稳定塘的处理效果而建立生态塘.试验中得出该生态塘对高浓度生活污水具有很好的处理效果,其对CODCr,NH4 -N,TN和TP均能体现出较高的去徐水平,去除率可分别达到55%,70%,80%和75%以上,即使在梅雨季节,水力停留时间大大缩短时亦能取得很好的处理效果,在农村地区较为适用.     

不同回流率下的循环流化床脱氮性能研究

一种新型的生物脱氮工艺——生物循环流化床(CFBBR)用于脱氮和除碳。系统由缺氧床(升流床)和好氧床(降流床)及其连接装置构成。进水由缺氧床底部进入,同来自好氧床的硝化液一起,在缺氧床内完成脱氮和除碳。研究了不同进水负荷,硝化液回流率200%~600%下的系统性能。从技术和经济角度考虑,400%硝化液回流率为最佳。最短水力停留时间2.5h(缺氧床0.8h,好氧床1.7h)和400%硝化液回流率下,TN和CODCr去除率和出水浓度分别为88%、95%和3.5mg/L、16mg/L。系统VSS低于1g/L,硝化率和反硝化率分别为0.026~0.1g/(g·d)和0.016~0.074g/(g·d)。     

造粒合成沸石滤料对污水中磷的净化与回收

以粉煤灰为原料,采用水热合成法制备沸石,造粒后合成沸石填充至滤柱中. 研究了不同运行条件下合成沸石对污水中磷的净化与回收效果. 结果表明:合成沸石对模拟污水和城市生活污水经二级生化处理后的排放水中磷的去除能力相近,且在磷含量低的情况下后者高于前者;与造粒前相比,造粒后的合成沸石仍具有良好的固磷能力. 水力负荷明显影响滤柱中磷的去除效果,其在177.9 L/(m2·h)以下时,磷的去除效果较好. 此外,进水pH也明显影响合成沸石的除磷效果,当进水pH调至酸性或碱性范围时,合成沸石的除磷能力显著提高. 该滤柱能够长期有效地净化与回收污水中的磷,达到饱和时合成沸石的w(磷)达20.04 g/kg(以磷元素计),可实际应用于农田改良.      

移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水的研究

通过小试规模的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理陕西科技大学污水处理厂生活污水的实验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、冲击负荷、pH对反应器处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在HRT为10 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为35 mg/L,填料体积填充率为35%,pH为7左右时,MBBR反应器对COD、TN的去除率分别为87.38%、68%。     

三相生物流化床处理高浓度丙烯酸丁酯生产废水

采用三相生物流化床工艺处理模拟丙烯酸丁酯生产废水,考察了进水丙烯酸浓度、对甲基苯磺酸浓度、容积负荷、水力停留时间对废水处理效果的影响.结果表明,该工艺适合于丙烯酸丁酯废水的高负荷处理.进水中100 mg/L丙烯酸及50 mg/L的对甲基苯磺酸对生物流化床中未经驯化的微生物具有明显的毒害作用,经过2周左右的驯化,毒害作用...     

Assessment of the efficiency and economic viability of various methods of treatment of sanitary landfill leachate

This study assesses the efficiency of various physico-chemical, biological and other tertiary methods for treating leachate. An evaluation study on the treatability of the leachate from methane phase bed (MPB) reactor indicated that at an optimum hydraulic retention time of 6 days, the efficiency of the reactor in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 91.29 and 82.69%, respectively. Recycling of the treated leachate through the municipal solid waste layers in the leachate recycling unit (LRU) resulted in a significant increase in the biodegradation of organics present in the leachate. Optimum BOD and COD removal efficiencies were achieved at the third recycle; additional recycling of the leachate did not produce any significant improvement. Physico-chemical treatment of the leachate demonstrated that alum and lime (Option 2) were more economical than coagulants lime and MgCO₃. A cost analysis of the economics of the various treatments revealed that the alternative treatment consisting of a MPB bed followed by a LRU and aerated lagoon is the most cost-effective treatment. However, the alternative consisting of a MPB followed by the LRU and a soil column, which is slightly more costly, would be the most appropriate treatment when adequate land is readily available.     

A review on numerous modeling approaches for effective, economical and ecological treatment wetlands

Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment have evolved substantially over the last decades and have been recognized as an effective means of "green technology" for wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the numerous modeling approaches ranging from simple first-order models to more complex dynamic models of treatment behaviour in CWs. The main objective of the modeling work is to better understand the process in CWs and optimize design criteria. A brief study in this review discusses the efforts taken to describe the process-based model for the efficient removal of pollutants in CWs. Obtaining better insights is essential to understand the hydraulic and biochemical processes in CWs. Currently, employed modeling approaches can be seen in two categories, i.e. "black-box models" and "process-based models". It is evident that future development in wetland technology will depend on improved scientific knowledge of internal treatment mechanisms.     

影响循环流化床锅炉石灰石脱硫效率的因素分析

循环流化床锅炉不仅燃烧效率高、燃料适应性广、负荷调节性能好;而且脱硫效率高、运行成本低、设施简单可靠,近年来得到了快速发展.本文研究了循环流化床炉内脱硫机理,分析了影响脱硫效率的主要因素,对提高循环流化床脱硫效率和石灰石利用率,减少锅炉烟气二氧化硫排放浓度,降低脱硫剂的消耗量具有指导意义,在流化床脱硫系统设计、优化运行...     

沉水植物与生态浮床组合对水产养殖污染控制的研究

通过2009年9月—2010年2月测定陆基围隔中水生植物种植密度、浮床水面覆盖率、水质状况、浮游藻类群落特征及水生生物生长状况,研究了沉水植物与植物浮床相结合的新型养殖水体净化模式对养虾塘污染原位净化及水质调控效果。结果表明,养虾塘第Ⅴ组围隔(单个围隔面积为3 m×3 m)内栽种苦草(Vallisneria natans)4.0 kg和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)3.0 kg,与种植312株常绿鸢尾(Iris hexagonus)的植物浮床组合,对养殖污染的控制效果较好,TN、TP、CODMn分别从3.41、0.32、14.34 mg.L-1降至0.79、0.02和11.96 mg.L-1;第Ⅴ组围隔内浮游藻类Margalef指数为4.00,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.32,Pielou均匀度指数为0.76,显示养殖水体环境较稳定,水质相对较好。     

Sulfide oxidation in fluidized bed bioreactor using nylon support material

A continuous fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) with nylon support particles was used to treat synthetic sulfide wastewater at different hydraulic retention time of 25, 50 and 75 min and upflow velocity of 14, 17 and 20 m/hr. The effects of upflow velocity, hydraulic retention time and reactor operation time on sulfide oxidation rate were studied using statistical model. Mixed culture obtained from the activated sludge, taken from tannery effluent treatment plant, was used as a source for microorganisms. The diameter and density of the nylon particles were 2-3 mm and 1140 kg/m³, respectively. Experiments were carried out in the reactor at a temperature of (30 ± 2)℃, at a fixed bed height of 16 cm after the formation of biofilm on the surface of support particles. Biofilm thickness reached (42 ± 3) μupm after 15 days from reactor start-up. The sulfide oxidation, sulfate and sulfur formation is examined at all hydraulic retention times and upflow velocities. The results indicated that almost 90%-92% sulfide oxidation was achieved at all hydraulic retention times. Statistical model could explain 94% of the variability and analysis of variance showed that upflow velocity and hydraulic retention time slightly affected the sulfide oxidation rate. The highest sulfide oxidation of 92% with 70% sulfur was obtained at hydraulic retention time of 75 min and upflow velocity of 14 m/hr.