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将微电解和生物流化床工艺相结合,探索一种新的工艺——微电解生物流化床,并通过实验研究得出了该工艺的最佳运行工艺参数:水力停留时间为2h,曝气量0.024m3/h,进水pH6.5,载体浓度3%,铸铁屑颗粒粒径0.074~0.154mm,活性炭颗粒粒径0.154~0.28mm。针对CODCr为400mg/L时的实际生活污水,其CODCr去除率为96.1%,比普通活性污泥流化床高4.3%,水力停留时间缩短3h。当进水CODCr在400~700mg/L变化时,微电解生物流化床CODCr去除率变化幅度为11.0%,其抗冲击负荷能力是普通活性污泥流化床的3.35倍。 相似文献
514.
采用无机含氨和硫酸盐(SO42-)废水作为升流式污泥床(USB)反应器进水,研究了其对铵(NH4+)和SO42-的去除以及不同高度污泥层含氮、硫元素的转化途径.结果表明在反应器进水口处由于进水自含氧(外源性氧)和兼性厌氧菌受到氧化应激产生过氧化氢(内源性氧),两种“氧”共同存在下,反应器内生物脱氨量(以氮计)最高达40mg/L左右,且在USB反应器不同高度污泥层含氮化合物和含硫化合物的转化途径不同.在反应器底部污泥层,颗粒污泥表面氨氧化菌利用O2将氨(NH4+)氧化成亚硝酸盐(NO2-),在颗粒污泥内部厌氧氨氧化菌利用NH4+和NO2-生成氮气(N2)和硝酸盐(NO3-);同时,O2 相似文献
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Phenolic compounds are partly known as endocrine disruptors with various harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis at very low concentrations. Consequently, the pathways and removal of these compounds in natural and artificial sewage treatment systems such as wetlands have received wide concern. In this paper, a natural reed bed wetland with an area of 695 ha located in the Liaohe River estuary in Northeast China was employed as a demonstration site to study the retention and removal efficiency of phenolic compounds including 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), and to evaluate their purification capacity via water and mass balance analyses during an irrigation period from May 9 to September 8, 2009. The results showed that the phenolic compounds could be retained in the wetland system and removed through various processes. On average, 27.5% of phenolic compounds could be retained by the wetland substrate during the initial three-day irrigation period with a retention capacity order of 4-t-OP > 4-NP > BPA > DCP. During the following 120 d irrigation period, the phenolic compounds could be efficiently removed with an average percentage of 91.6%. It is estimated that 1.76 kg d−1 of phenolic compounds could be removed by the Liaohe River estuarine wetland (∼8 × 104 ha). The reed bed wetland system therefore provides a feasible mitigation option for phenolic pollutants in sewage and wastewater. 相似文献
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Philip R. Kaufmann David P. Larsen John M. Faustini 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(2):434-459
Abstract: To evaluate anthropogenic sedimentation in United States (U.S.) Pacific Northwest coastal streams, we applied an index of relative bed stability (LRBS*) to summer low flow survey data collected using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program field methods in a probability sample of 101 wadeable stream reaches. LRBS* is the log of the ratio of bed surface geometric mean particle diameter (Dgm) to critical diameter (D*cbf) at bankfull flow, based on a modified Shield’s criterion for incipient motion. We used a formulation of LRBS* that explicitly accounts for reductions in bed shear stress that result from channel form roughness due to pools and wood. LRBS* ranged from ?1.9 to +0.5 in streams within the lower quartile of human riparian and basin disturbance, and was substantially lower (?4.2 to ?1.1) in streams within the upper quartile of human disturbance. Modeling results suggest that the expected range of LRBS* in streams without human disturbances in this region might be generally between ?0.7 and +0.5 in either sedimentary or volcanic lithology. However, streams draining relatively soft, erodible sedimentary lithology showed greater reductions in LRBS* associated with disturbance than did those having harder, more resistant volcanic (basalt) lithology with similar levels of basin and riparian disturbance. At any given level of disturbance, smaller streams had lower LRBS* than those with larger drainages. In sedimentary lithology (sandstone and siltstone), high‐gradient streams had higher LRBS* than did low‐gradient streams of the same size and level of human disturbance. High gradient streams in volcanic lithology, in contrast, had lower LRBS* than low‐gradient streams of similar size and disturbance. Correlations between Dgm and land disturbance were stronger than those observed between D*cbf and land disturbance. This pattern suggests that land use has augmented sediment supplies and increased streambed fine sediments in the most disturbed streams. However, we also show evidence that some of the apparent reductions in LRBS*, particularly in steep streams draining small volcanic drainages, may have resulted in part from anthropogenic increases in bed shear stress. The synoptic survey methods and designs we use appear adequate to evaluate regional patterns in bed stability and sedimentation and their general relationship to human disturbances. More precise field measurements of channel slope, cross‐section geometry, and bed surface particle size would be required to use LRBS* in applications requiring a higher degree of accuracy and precision, such as site‐specific assessments at individual streams. 相似文献
519.
根据固定床颗粒层内气流含尘浓度的连续方程、颗粒层过滤规律和新型颗粒层的过滤特点,建立了固定床颗粒层过滤过程和新型颗粒层过滤性能的宏观数学模型;根据颗粒层的过滤机理和实际灰尘颗粒粒径的分布状态,在实验的基础上,修正了过滤速度对颗粒层过滤效率的影响;根据实验结果对过滤效率方程式、床层压降方程式中的特征参数进行了回归,得到了具体过滤介质的颗粒层宏观过滤数学模型。模型表明新型颗粒层过滤过程是一个不随过滤时间变化的准稳态过程,只与过滤介质特性和循环清灰周期有关,模型计算值能准确地反映颗粒层的过滤性能。 相似文献
520.
中小型点源污染的控制是提高水环境质量和解决水资源短缺的关键。一体式悬浮载体生物流化床(ISCBFB)占地面积小、处理效率高,适合中小型点源污水的处理。以公牛啤酒厂废水为试验原水进行了研究,试验期间进水COD平均浓度1 213.38 mg/L,出水平均为50.75 mg/L,平均去除率达到95.82%。进水氨氮平均浓度为22.50 mg/L,出水平均为4.31 mg/L,平均去除率达到80.99%,试验中全部出水水样COD及氨氮浓度均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1988)一级标准。总之,一体式悬浮载体生物流化床对啤酒废水具有很好的去除效果。 相似文献