Phosphorus Storage in Fine Channel Bed Sediments

Deposition and storage of fine sediment on channel beds represents an important component of a catchment’s sediment budget and can have important implications for sediment-associated P fluxes, due to storage and remobilisation, and for P concentrations through water–sediment interactions. Spatial and temporal variations in P content and storage in fine bed sediment have been studied in two UK lowland catchments, the Rivers Frome and Piddle in Dorset. Fine bed sediment was sampled in representative reaches on a bi-monthly basis using a re-suspension cylinder, and the resulting samples were analysed for total P, a range of P fractions and particle size. The results demonstrate significant spatial and temporal variability in PP concentrations and storage, with maximum and minimum P concentrations and storage occurring in late summer and winter, respectively. Temporal variations in concentrations reflect residence times of the sediment and ambient P concentrations, while variations in storage are mainly due to hydrological regimes. Spatial variations reflect catchment characteristics, the location of inputs and local variations in hydrological and channel bed conditions.     

长江口拦门沙河槽季节性冲淤的主控因子探讨

根据长江口南槽 3a中的 2 3次地形实测资料 ,揭示拦门沙航道的季节性冲淤规律及其主要影响因子 ,并利用所获得的经验关系对入海水沙特征年份及洪水、风暴迭加情况下河床的冲淤幅度进行了预报。结果表明 :拦门沙航槽的季节性冲淤变化主要受洪水和风暴控制。在不受风暴干扰的前提下 ,河槽纵向上各点的水深同大通站径流量之间存在负相关关系 ,相关性以径流同落后 1～ 2月的地形之间的关系为最好 ;随着向海距离增大 ,这种“滞后”时间有延长趋势。正常年份径流引起的洪枯季最大冲淤幅度约为 0 .6～ 0 .7m量级 ,特枯水 (沙 )年和特丰水 (沙 )年引起的洪枯季最大冲淤幅度估计分别为 0 .4～ 0 .5m和 0 .9～ 1.0m量级。十年一遇的风暴引起约 0 .4m的淤积。若特丰水 (沙 )年洪水和百年一遇的强台风碰头 ,拦门沙河床的洪枯季冲淤幅度可能达 1.5m左右量级。     

EGSB反应器的低温运行性能研究

对膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器在低温(10～15℃)条件下的运行状况和污泥特性进行研究.结果表明,EGSB反应器在10～15℃的低温条件下能够稳定高效运行.当进水COD质量浓度低至114mg/L或高达3600mg/L(有机负荷高达23kg COD·m-3·d-1)时,COD去除率均能维持在70%左右.与中温(32～35℃)相比,低温时颗粒污泥的沉速相对较低,但不低于15m/h,不会被冲出反应器而造成污泥流失.低温时,颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性明显降低,COD去除率也明显降低,但液体上升流速的提高能改善泥水的传质效果,提高COD去除率.在HRT=0.9h、液体上升流速Vup=3.0m/h左右的运行条件下,反应器内温度由35℃降到15℃时,K由0.391 × 103降到0.107×103,COD去除率由84.32%降到68.9%.但当Vup由3.0m/h提高到4.2m/h时,K由0.107×103提高到0.254×103,COD去除率也由68.9%提高至76.7%.低温时,EGSB反应器的抗温度冲击能力很强.低浓度时,EGSB反应器的抗pH冲击能力不强,但随着进水COD浓度的提高,其抗DH冲击能力逐渐增强.EGSB反应器在低温低浓度条件下运行时需添加碱度以维持反应器内适宜的pH值.     

三相生物流化床处理对氯酚废水的实验研究

对氯酚废水是一种毒性很强的废水。本文利用三相生物流化床对对氯酚废水进行实验室模拟降解实验研究。三相生物流化床的特点是采用相对密度>1的细小颗粒为载体,微生物附着在载体的表面,形成一层生物膜。废水至下向上流动,使载体处于流化状态。处理过程中,液相中溶解的或呈胶体状的有机物以及溶解氧从液相进入生物膜,被生物膜中的细胞分解、利用。这样,在生物膜表面与液相中形成一个有机物和溶解氧的浓度梯度,使废水中的有机物不断地被吸附到生物膜上,从而达到连续处理废水的目的[1]。     

上流式厌氧生物膜-二级生物接触氧化处理猪场废水的研究

介绍了采用上流式厌氧生物膜反应器耦合二级生物接触氧化处理猪场废水。在一级生物接触氧化池内实现短程硝化,将产生的NO2-回流至上流式厌氧生物膜反应器,在上流式厌氧生物膜反应器内实现厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同,实现在厌氧条件下对NH4+-N的去除。将该系统用于处理实际猪场废水,系统对猪场原废水COD平均去除率为97%,TN平均去除率为84.2%,NH4+-N平均去除率分别为88.2%。     

彭城电厂回流式循环流化床烟气脱硫系统及其运行分析

介绍了彭城电厂回流式循环流化床烟气脱硫的主要设计参数及工艺流程，并对运行中需注意的一些问题进行了分析与探讨。     

Effect of Changing VOC Influent Composition on the Microbial Community Structure of TBABs

Microbial communities in trickle bed air biofilters (TBABs) were evaluated under conditions of interchanging the feed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and VOC mixtures. Three independent TBABs (Biofilter “A,” “B,” and “C”) were run under interchanging VOCs conditions with different initial VOCs. Two aromatic compounds (toluene and styrene) and two oxygenated compounds (methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)) were interchanged as single solutes. Two other TBABs “D” and “E” were run for two VOC mixtures. Biofilter “D” had a VOC mixture with equal molar ratio of the four components and Biofilter “E” received a VOC mixture with its composition based on EPA 2003 emission report. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to assess the microbial richness in TBABs for treating the VOC mixtures and the impact of interchanging VOCs on the bacterial community structure in the biofilters. The results from DGGE indicated that the microbial community structure in the biofilter was different after each interchange of VOCs. Some bands of microbial species faded and some bands were strengthened. For the two TBABs treating VOC mixtures, the microbial species did not show significant difference, but the richness among these species was different from each other.     

三相流化床电Fenton法预处理硝基苯废水试验研究

采用铁碳微电解固定床、铁碳微电解流化床、电絮凝、电氧化等不同的组合方法,处理难降解的硝基苯类废水,找出最佳的组合工艺,即三相流化床组合电絮凝,配合后续间接电芬顿,能将难降解废水COD435ppm处理到COD小于90ppm,色度小于2倍,很有推广价值。     

较难注水煤层的注水工艺及参数

根据在晋城矿务局开采3~#煤层进行的注水试验,系统地介绍了较难注水煤层的注水工艺及注水参数。     

Production,quality and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs)

This contribution describes characterization, classification, production, application and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) that are increasingly used in a wide range of co-incineration plants. It is shown in this paper, that the fuel-parameter, i.e. net calorific value [MJ/kg_OS], particle size d₉₀ or d₉₅ [mm], impurities [w%], chlorine content [w%], sulfur content [w%], fluorine content [w%], ash content [w%], moisture [w%] and heavy metals content [mg/kg_DM], can be preferentially used for the classification of different types of RDF applied for co-incineration and substitution of fossil-fuel in different industial sectors. Describing the external production of RDF by processing and confectioning of wastes as well as internal processing of waste at the incineration plant, a case study is reported on the application of RDF made out of different household waste fractions in a 120,000 t/yr Waste to Energy (WtE) circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator. For that purpose, delivered wastes, as well as incinerator feedstock material (i.e. after internal waste processing) are extensively investigated. Starting with elaboration of sampling plan in accordance with the relevant guidelines and standards, waste from different suppliers was sampled. Moreover, manual sorting analyses and chemical analyses were carried out. Finally, results of investigations are presented and discussed in the paper.