石拐区煤层气综合利用浅析

本文以神包矿业公司河滩沟矿为例，对石拐区煤层气的综合利用环境效益，经济效益和社会效益和发展前景进行了预测和分析。     

An integrated test strategy for the assessment of anaerobic biodegradability of wastewaters

The anaerobic biodegradability of wastewaters from different chemical plants was determined by an integrated test strategy consisting of an anaerobic toxicity test, a static anaerobic biodegradation test and a continuously operated fixed bed reactor test. This integrated procedure offered a useful tool for screening wastewaters for anaerobic biodegradability. Four different wastewaters were tested for anaerobic toxicity and biodegradability. One wastewater was used in subsequent testing in a fixed bed reactor which aimed to illustrate a potential design of an anaerobic treatment plant.     

The O₂-enriched air gasification of coal, plastics and wood in a fluidized bed reactor

The effect of oxygen-enriched air during fluidized bed co-gasification of a mixture of coal, plastics and wood has been investigated. The main components of the obtained syngas were measured by means of on-line analyzers and a gas chromatograph while those of the condensate phase were off-line analysed by means of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The characterization of condensate phase as well as that of the water used as scrubbing medium completed the performed diagnostics. The experimental results were further elaborated in order to provide material and substances flow analyses inside the plant boundaries. These analyses allowed to obtain the main substance distribution between solid, gaseous and condensate phases and to estimate the conversion efficiency of carbon and hydrogen but also to easily visualise the waste streams produced by the process. The process performance was then evaluated on the basis of parameters related to the conversion efficiency of fuels into valuable products (i.e. by considering tar and particulate as process losses) as well as those related to the energy recovery.     

Production,quality and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs)

This contribution describes characterization, classification, production, application and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) that are increasingly used in a wide range of co-incineration plants. It is shown in this paper, that the fuel-parameter, i.e. net calorific value [MJ/kg_OS], particle size d₉₀ or d₉₅ [mm], impurities [w%], chlorine content [w%], sulfur content [w%], fluorine content [w%], ash content [w%], moisture [w%] and heavy metals content [mg/kg_DM], can be preferentially used for the classification of different types of RDF applied for co-incineration and substitution of fossil-fuel in different industial sectors. Describing the external production of RDF by processing and confectioning of wastes as well as internal processing of waste at the incineration plant, a case study is reported on the application of RDF made out of different household waste fractions in a 120,000 t/yr Waste to Energy (WtE) circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator. For that purpose, delivered wastes, as well as incinerator feedstock material (i.e. after internal waste processing) are extensively investigated. Starting with elaboration of sampling plan in accordance with the relevant guidelines and standards, waste from different suppliers was sampled. Moreover, manual sorting analyses and chemical analyses were carried out. Finally, results of investigations are presented and discussed in the paper.     

Application of surface molecular imprinting adsorbent in expanded bed for the adsorption of Ni(2+) and adsorption model

A new surface molecular imprinting adsorbent (SMIA) was used in an expanded bed. The expansion ratio and adsorption performance were studied at different volumetric rates, inlet concentrations, and pH values. A model based on the Adams-Bohart adsorption model of breakthrough curves was established. The predicted curves had good agreement with the experimental curves. The breakthrough time (T(1/2)) decreased with increasing inlet concentration when the outlet concentration was half the initial concentration (C/C(0)=0.5). The inlet concentration had little effect on the adsorption rate constant (k(1)) value when the initial concentration (C(0)) was above 150 mg/L. However, T(1/2) values increased with increasing initial pH of the inlet solution, and the k(1) value decreased due to the competition between H(+) and Ni(2+).     

混合垃圾在热重分析仪和流化床中的燃烧特性

针对我国目前垃圾焚烧以烧原生垃圾为主的特点,以热重分析和流化床燃烧实验台为主要研究手段,对于混合垃圾的燃烧特性展开深入研究并将二者的试验数据进行对比.实验结果表明:不同的垃圾在流化床中的燃烧速率的数值比较接近.而不同的垃圾在热重仪中的燃烧速率差别很大,针对所选的试样其燃烧速率的变化范围是0.49～5.50.另外,在热重分析中,试样完全燃烬的时间一般为20～25min,而在流化床燃烧实验台中,试样的燃烧过程发展得非常快,燃烬时间非常短,仅需3～3.5min.混合垃圾在热重分析仪中的燃烧特性可以用单组分物质的叠加来表示,而混合的垃圾在流化床中燃烧时,用简单的单组分叠加来表示不很合理.     

尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台设计及验证

泥石流是一种极具破坏力的地质灾害类型,而尾矿库溃坝形成的泥石流除产生巨大破坏力外,还会造成严重的环境污染问题,为了分析其流态演进过程设计了泥石流相似模型试验台。本尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台采用全透明技术以观察泥石流的流态演进过程,同时在传感器对应位置外侧固定量尺,以记录泥石流流动过程中泥深的动（泥石流淹没高程）静（泥石流结束后滞留泥浆高度）态变化。与现有技术相比具有5大优点,主要体现在弯度调节、坡度调节及闸门装置3大系统,并通过相似模型试验与前人研究成果对比,验证了此试验台的可行性,对完善矿山泥石流流体力学理论及矿山泥石流防灾减灾工作具有重要的科学价值及意义。     

旋滤组合移动式颗粒床除尘器优化设计建模

以旋滤组合移动式颗粒床除尘器的性能-结构关系为基础,建立移动式颗粒床除尘器优化设计的数学模型。该模型以除尘效率最大为优化目标,以结构参数与运行参数间的关系为约束条件,对特定的粉尘和含尘气体以及一定的运行参数而言,优化设计变量为移动式颗粒床除尘器的结构参数(主要有进气口尺寸,旋风体直径,过滤床直径、厚度及有效过滤高度),从而确定移动式颗粒床除尘器的最佳结构尺寸。通过设计实例检验,证明了该模型具有较好的实际应用价值。     

疏浚底泥生态毒理性风险分析方法的研究进展

疏浚底泥土地利用应该尽可能避免对施用土壤、周围地表水及地下水的污染,通过生物聚积试验和急性、亚急性毒性试验考查底泥对水及土壤中生物、植物发芽生长的影响,通过渗滤试验评价其对地下水层的污染。疏浚底泥土地利用前,其生态毒理性风险分析的方法包括风险简化评价和风险详细评价。通常简化评价方法用于估计底泥土地利用对生态系统影响程度;详细评价法进一步通过生物毒性试验和柱状渗滤试验来确定其生态毒理性影响,界定其风险特性。     

阳极溶出伏安法连续测定底泥中的总镉和总铅

样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后，用1＋1盐酸溶解残渣，以高氯酸做支持电解质，采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法，测定样品中的总镉和总铅，取得满意结果。