溶解氧对厌氧颗粒污泥活性的影响

采用血清瓶培养法,以厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器中接种的厌氧颗粒污泥为对象,研究了溶解氧(DO)对其产甲烷活性的影响.结果表明,水中溶解氧的升高会致使厌氧颗粒污泥的活性降低.常温22℃下,当溶解氧浓度从000mg/L上升到700mg/L时,其最大比产甲烷速率(SMA)值先后两次分别由75.9 mL·(g·d)^-1, 91.1 　mL·(g·d)^-1下降到47.6 　mL·(g·d)^-1,71.4 mL·(g·d)^-1.但温度的升高可以显著提高其活性并削弱这种变化趋势.与第1次产气实验结果相比,恒温28℃与35℃时,SMA值分别平均提高了54.0%和114.4％.进水中溶解氧的存在并不会对处理系统的运行造成不利影响,厌氧颗粒污泥对溶解氧有较强的耐受性和适应能力.因此,在工程实践中可以不考虑溶解氧因素的影响.     

泳动床/好氧颗粒污泥新技术处理生活污水的特性研究

基于生物膜法和活性污泥法的联合工艺技术,开发了泳动床/好氧颗粒污泥污水处理新技术.试验阶段,泳动床/好氧颗粒污泥技术表现出高效处理生活污水和实现污泥减量的显著特性.在水力停留时间HRT为3.2 h, COD负荷与NH⁺₄-Ｎ负荷分别为2.03 　kg/(m^３·d) 和0.52 　kg/(m^３·d)时,分别获得COD 90.9%和NH⁺₄-Ｎ 98.3%的平均去除效果.系统运行16 d开始出现好氧颗粒污泥,颗粒呈球形、椭球形和棒形,试验阶段混合液悬浮固体浓度MLSS最高达5 640 mg/L, MLVSS/MLSS平均高达0.87.此外,镜检表明好氧颗粒污泥与生物膜均聚集大量的原生动物和后生动物,形成较长和较稳定的食物链,有利于污泥减量,运行过程中污泥产率（MLSS/COD_removed）为0.175 5,仅为普通好氧工艺的50%左右.     

Effects of inorganic chlorine source on dioxin formation using fly ash from a fluidized bed incinerator

Chlorine source is indispensable for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD/F) formation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Inorganic chlorine compounds were employed in this study to investigate their effects on PCDD/F formation through heterogeneous synthesis on fly ash surfaces. A fly ash sample obtained from a fluidized bed incinerator was sieved to different size fractions which served as the PCDD/F formation sources. The capability of different metal chlorides which facilitate the formation of PCDDs/Fs was found to follow the trends: Na ＜ Mg ＜ K ＜ Al ＜ Ca, when two particle fractions of ＞177 μm and 104-125 μm were used in the experiments. However, the capability of NaCl, MgCl2 and KCl did not seem much different from each other, whereas CaCl2 and AlCl3 were much more active in PCDD/F formation. NaCl and MgCl2 were relatively effective to produce more PCDDs, while KCl, AlCl3 and CaCl2 generated more PCDFs during heterogeneous reactions occurring on fly ash. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was the most significant contributor to the toxicity of the PCDDs/Fs formed from inorganic chlorine sources. Decreasing the sizes of fly ash particles led to more active formation of PCDDs/Fs when NaCl was used as inorganic chlorine in the experiment. The highest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size ＜37 μm, while the lowest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size ＞177 μm. The toxicity generally increased with decreasing size of the fly ash particles. The formation of PCDDs was mainly facilitated by the two size fractions, 104-125 μm and ＜37 μm, while formation of PCDFs was favored by the two other size fractions, ＞177 μm and 53-104 μm.     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

表面活性剂废水处理技术的研究现状与问题分析

介绍了表面活性剂废水的特点及危害,概述了处理表面活性剂废水常用的物理法,化学法,生物法等方法,并对各类方法的应用现状和发展方向进行了分析和评价。提出了一种处理LAS废水十分具有前景的新方法——复极性固定床电解法,并提出这一新型的污水处理方法的优缺点及未来需要解决的问题。     

基于响应面法的流化床生物膜反应器运行条件优化

采用自主设计的流化床生物膜反应器(FBBR)处理城市生活污水,主要研究了不同构型填料、填充率和不同进水C/N比下反应器的启动效能,采用响应面法对稳定运行期的有机负荷、曝气量、水力停留时间进行优化,并分析了不同阶段的微生物群落特征.结果表明,启动期间,填充率为40％时,MFD填料上生物量较多,挂膜时间较短,最大生物量为6...     

无烟煤脱硫特性试验研究

以石灰石为脱硫剂,对晋城高硫无烟煤的脱硫特性进行了试验研究．定性分析不同温度和钙硫摩尔比条件下,高硫无烟煤中硫的析出特性;给出不同条件下的脱硫率和钙利用率,确定了晋城无烟煤的最佳脱硫温度和钙硫摩尔比;并同长广高硫烟煤的析出特性和脱硫率进行了比较,发现晋城高硫无烟煤析出的硫份主要是低温段析出的,高温段析出的硫份基本上被脱硫剂脱除;在相同条件下,无烟煤的硫份先于长广烟煤析出,脱硫效果相对较差．     

Removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by biologically intensified process

The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon was evaluated. By IBAC removals of 31% and 68% for THMFP and HAAFP were obtained respectively. Under identical conditions, the removals of the same substances were 4% and 32% respectively only by the granular activated carbon(GAC) process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. A clear linear correlation ( R^2 = 0.9562 and R^2 = 0.9007) between DOC HAAFP removal rate and Empty Bed Contact Time(EBCT) of IBAC process was observed, while that between THMFP removal rate and EBCT of GAC was R^2 = 0.9782. In addition certain linear correlations between THMFP, HAAFP and UV254 ( R^2 = 0.855 and R^2 = 0.7702) were found for the treated water. For IBAC process there are also more advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonging activated carbon lifetime and so on.     

压力渗流润湿煤体的实验研究

采用纯水和粘尘剂溶液,对不同煤质的压力渗流特性进行了研究。结果表明,煤体的层理方向和溶液的力学特性对压力渗流润湿煤体的效果影响很大,在中、低压力下,纯水的压力渗流湿润煤体的效果远不能满足煤层注水的要求,注水中添加粘尘剂等改变水的表面张力的物质,可大为提高相同压力注水润湿效果。     

内循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的实验研究

通过对流化床烟气脱硫吸收塔塔顶和塔底结构的改进,开发出一种新的内循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺。该工艺以60～80目细砂作为主要床料,在流化气速为2～5m/s情况下,实现了绝大部分固体颗粒在脱硫塔内的内循环,从而强化了热质传递,避免了粘壁现象。考察了各种因素对脱硫效率的影响,结果表明,绝热饱和温度差是影响脱硫效率的显著因素,颗粒浓度是保证系统稳定运行的关键因素。在Ca/S为12和颗粒浓度为10kg/m3条件下,系统能连续稳定运行,脱硫效率达90%以上。