刈割对生态浮床植物黑麦草光合作用及其对氮磷等净化效果的影响

以多花黑麦草为试材,通过水培实验方法,研究刈割强度对黑麦草生长、光合作用以及对污染水体氮、磷等去除效果的影响.结果表明,①刈割显著促进黑麦草新芽再生能力,刈割后5～13 d,C2（留茬2 cm）实验组新芽再生速率达2.78 cm·d^-1,远高于不刈割组（0.88 cm·d^-1）;刈割组株高、现存生物量以及生产量均大于不刈割组,且随刈割强度的增加,植物补偿指数显著变化,其中重度刈割（留茬高度≤5 cm）试验组新芽高度以及累积生物量分别为40.6～44.0 cm、31.6～37.2 g,均表现为超补偿作用,表明重度刈割有利于黑麦草生物量的累积;②刈割对黑麦草叶片叶绿素组成具有一定影响,其中C2组叶绿素a、叶绿素a/b 最大,为1.85 mg·g^-1、 3.18, C1（不刈割）组最小,为C2组的89.29%、90.13%;③刈割对黑麦草叶片叶绿素荧光参数有显著影响,随刈割强度的增加,PSⅡ的实际光能转化效率（ФPSⅡ）以及PSⅡ的非循环电子传递速率（ETR）均有所升高,其中C2组ФPSⅡ、ETR分别为C1组的1.13、1.09倍,表明刈割显著提高了叶片对光能的转化,使植物光合作用能力提高;④刈割显著提高了黑麦草系统对氮、磷等的去除效果,且刈割强度越大,浮床系统对TN、NH⁺₄-N、TP、COD的去除率越好,其中C2组对TN、NH⁺₄-N、TP、COD的去除率比C1组高1.07、1.20、1.05、1.44倍,远高于无植物系统的去除率;⑤留茬2～5 cm为黑麦草刈割最佳高度,此结论可为浮床植物科学管理提供重要依据.     

庆大霉素-金霉素混合制药废水处理中试研究

运用厌氧-好氧-复配混凝技术进行了庆大霉素、金霉素混合制药废水处理中试研究,中试规模为日处理废水10~12t。在中试稳定运行时,进水的COD平均浓度为14218mg/L,出水的COD平均浓度低于制药行业排放标准(300mg/L)。      

粉煤流化床燃烧(PC-FBC)中SO2的生成特性

粉煤流化床（ＰＣ－ＦＢ）是一项燃烧效率高,同时实现炉内脱硫、低ＮＯ_x 和Ｎ₂Ｏ排放的新型高效、清洁煤燃烧技术．在一座０．３ＭＷ 的试验台上,系统研究了其ＳＯ₂生成与分布特性．主要包括：ＰＣ－ＦＢＣ的ＳＯ₂生成特性以及床层温度Ｔ_b、流化速度ｕ₀、二次风率Ｒ₂、二次风投入位置、二次风喷射角度、喷口尺寸对ＳＯ₂生成与分布的影响．试验燃用煤种含硫１．７１％ ．在Ｔ_b＝ ８２０～９２０℃,ｕ₀＝ １．２～３．３ｍ ／ｓ,Ｒ₂＝ ３０％ ～７０％ 的条件下,流化床燃烧区（ＦＢＣＺ）出口ＳＯ₂浓度及炉膛出口ＳＯ₂浓度ＳＯ″₂分别为５２０～６００ｍ ｌ／ｍ³和１２８０～１３００ｍ ｌ／ｍ^３．     

水解（酸化）－缺氧－好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

用内填ＹＤＴ弹性立体填料的水解（酸化）－缺氧－好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水。结果表明：当进水ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ浓度分别为１０６５ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５３ｍｇ／Ｌ，系统水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）为３３．５ｈ，混合液回流比为３．６时，出水ＣＯＤ约为１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ为５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率分别达８３％和９８％。     

复合喷动塔内蒸发特性的数值模拟与实验研究

分析了描述喷动塔内气液流动、雾化、蒸发、碰壁的数学模型,运用上述模型模拟脱硫塔内蒸发特性,得到了入口介质条件对塔内蒸发特性及液相水含量的影响,通过与实验值比较验证了模型的可靠性。模拟结果表明:液滴蒸发强度呈现先升高后降低趋势,在距离喷嘴300 mm处达到最大值;在一、二级塔体交界处,由于受多级喷动结构影响,液滴蒸发速率明显升高;液滴截面质量流率沿塔体轴向逐渐降低,在1 500 m处基本蒸发完毕;蒸发强度与喷嘴雾化压力呈非单调关系,烟气温度和含湿量对一级塔内液态水含量有3倍~5倍的影响;数值模拟结果与实验值基本一致,可以作为研究塔内液滴蒸发特性的有效工具。     

内循环生物流化床处理石化废水的中试研究

进行了内循环生物流化床处理石化废水的中试研究,当进水平均ＣＯＤ为８００ｍｇ／Ｌ,流化床出水再辅这以气浮后处理,ＣＯＤ可降至２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,当进水ＣＯＤ为５００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ可达１００ｍｇ／Ｌ,本试验中的ＣＯＤ去除容积负荷可达１５ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３·ｄ）以上。     

Recovery of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by induced crystallization in a long-term operation

The feasibility of copper recovery by induced crystallization in a long period(174 days) was investigated in a seeded fluidized bed reactor(FBR). The process was divided into 3 periods according to different influent conditions, and the period III was separated into III-a and IIIb due to the adjustment of the molar ratio of CO_3~(2-)concentration to copper concentration([CT]/[Cu~(2+)]). The removal efficiency could exceed 95% and the average effluent copper concentration decreased to 3.0 mg/L. The mean particle size of seed grains with copper crystals coating on, raised to 0.36 mm from initial 0.18 mm. During period III-a, the supersaturation exceeded 2.88 × 104, the removal efficiency decreased to 60%–80% and the particle size dropped to 0.30 mm, due to the generation of fines by homogeneous crystallization and seeds breaking. And the morphology of the crystals on the seed grains changed from rod-like to spherical which lead to the particle size decreasing. In period III-b,the supersaturation was modified by adjusting the molar ratio of [CT]/[Cu2+] to 1.2 from 2.The efficiency was back to 95% and the mean particle size grew to 0.36 mm at the end of IIIb, the crystals coating on the seeds turned back to rod-like products of good stability. This study illustrated that the copper salt crystal could keep on growing on the seed grains for over 150 days, the feasibility and controllability of copper recovery by induced crystallization process in FBR were satisfactory, even under the dramatic changes in influent conditions.     

双循环流化床烟气脱硫的试验研究

利用循环流化床烟气脱硫热态试验装置对双循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺进行了中试研究。通过试验的方法研究喷水量、钙硫比和床料浓度等因素对脱硫效率的影响 ,并同单循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺的中试结果进行了对比。试验结果表明 ,喷水量、循环灰物料浓度和钙硫比对脱硫率影响很大。在相同试验工况下 ,双循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺比单循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺的脱硫效率要高     

Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes

Fermentable components of municipal solid wastes (MSW) such as fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW), leaf litter, paddy straw, cane bagasse, cane trash and paper are generated in large quantities at various pockets of the city. These form potential feedstocks for decentralized biogas plants to be operated in the vicinity. We characterized the fermentation potential of six of the above MSW fractions for their suitability to be converted to biogas and anaerobic compost using the solid-state stratified bed (SSB) process in a laboratory study. FVW and leaf litter (paper mulberry leaves) decomposed almost completely while paddy straw, sugarcane trash, sugarcane bagasse and photocopying paper decomposed to a lower extent. In the SSB process between 50–60% of the biological methane potential (BMP) could be realized. Observations revealed that the SSB process needs to be adapted differently for each of the feedstocks to obtain a higher gas recovery. Bagasse produced the largest fraction of anaerobic compost (fermentation residue) and has the potential for reuse in many ways.     

Invasive species and coal bed methane development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming

One of the fastest growing areas of natural gas production is coal bed methane (CBM) due to the large monetary returns and increased demand for energy from consumers. The Powder River Basin, Wyoming is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of CBM development with projections of the establishment of up to 50,000 wells. CBM disturbances may make the native ecosystem more susceptible to invasion by non-native species, but there are few studies that have been conducted on the environmental impacts of this type of resource extraction. To evaluate the potential effects of CBM development on native plant species distribution and patterns of non-native plant invasion, 36 modified Forest Inventory and Analysis plots (each comprised of four 168-m² subplots) were established in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. There were 73 168-m² subplots on control sites; 42 subplots on secondary disturbances; 14 on major surface disturbances; eight on well pads; and seven on sites downslope of CBM wells water discharge points. Native plant species cover ranged from 39.5 ± 2.7% (mean ± 1 SE) in the secondary disturbance subplots to 17.7 ± 7.5% in the pad subplots. Non-native plant species cover ranged from 31.0 ± 8.4% in the discharge areas to 14.7 ± 8.9% in the pad subplots. The control subplots had significantly less non-native species richness than the combined disturbance types. The combined disturbance subplots had significantly greater soil salinity than the control sites. These results suggest that CBM development and associated disturbances may facilitate the establishment of non-native plants. Future research and management decisions should consider the accumulative landscape-scale effects of CBM development on preserving native plant diversity.