新型移动床生物膜反应器水力特性的研究

新型移动床生物膜反应器是在普通移动床生物膜反应器中引入导流板,使填料在全池循环移动,消除了普遍移动床生物膜的死角问题,改进了它的结构和运行方式,提高了反应器的效能。通过清水实验对反应器的水力特性进行了研究,确定了反应器构造、填料填充比,考察了曝气充氧性能,研究结果认为该反应器内的水流状态大致符合理想全混合反应器的流态,并具有较好的节能效果。     

小龙潭发电厂烟气循环流化床脱硫工程评述

阐述了小龙潭发电厂100MW机组烟气脱硫工程的工艺原理、系统流程、主要设备等，并结合系统调试过程中发现的问题，对该工艺的运行调试进行了评述。     

超重力旋转填料床在环境工业中的应用

超重力旋转填料床是一种突破性的过程强化新设备,在环保、化工、材料、能源等工业领域有广阔的商业化应用前景。笔者概要介绍了该项新技术的作用原理和基础理论研究及该技术在环境工业中废水废气治理中的应用。     

水处理新课题——膜生物流化床

膜生物反应器是通过膜技术强化生物反应器的水处理新技术,具有出水水质好、占地面积少和便于自动化控制等优点,但它存在膜污染和能耗高的缺陷;三相生物流化床具有处理效率高、容积负荷大、传质速度快等优点,但它同样也存在出水悬浮物浓度高和载体易流失的缺陷,将膜分离技术和三相生物流化床有机结合是水处理领域的一个新课题.笔者在讨论膜生物反应器和生物流化床优缺点的基础上,探讨了结合后的膜生物流化床在膜污染、能耗、微生物活性等方面的优势及特点.     

流化床反应器处理高浓度含氟废水的效率和稳定性

采用小试规模的流化床反应器处理氟质量浓度为500~1 400 mg/L的模拟高浓度含氟废水。以氟化钙颗粒为晶种,以氯化钙溶液为沉淀剂（流量25 L/h）,考察了流化床连续运行过程中沉淀除氟的效率和稳定性。实验结果表明：氟化钙的沉淀反应在30.7 s内即可完成;在废水流量为11~23 L/h、反应pH为7.0~9.0、上升流速为0.005 9~0.013 0 m/s、钙与氟的摩尔比为0.85~1.00的条件下,出水清液中氟质量浓度低于10 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）要求。连续运行过程中,流化床沉淀除氟高效稳定,操作条件范围较宽。流化床出水中细颗粒沉淀物的存在会导致氟浓度显著升高,应采取有效措施减少其产生或溢出,以保证沉淀除氟效率。     

好氧生物流化床反应器处理有机废水技术进展

介绍了国内外好氧生物流化床反应器处理有机废水技术的发概况,分析了好氧生物流化床反应技术的发展动向,并介绍了几种新型的好氧生物流化床反应器。     

160 h of chemical-looping combustion in a 10 kW reactor system with a NiO-based oxygen carrier

Chemical-looping combustion, CLC, is a technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO₂. The technique uses an oxygen carrier made up of particulate metal oxide to transfer oxygen from combustion air to fuel. In this work, an oxygen carrier consisting of 60% NiO and 40% NiAl₂O₄ was used in a 10 kW CLC reactor system for 160 h of operation with fuel. The first 3 h of fuel operation excepted, the test series was accomplished with the same batch of oxygen carrier particles. The fuel used in the experiments was natural gas, and a fuel conversion to CO₂ of approximately 99% was accomplished. Combustion conditions were very stable during the test period, except for the operation at sub-stoichiometric conditions. It was shown that the methane fraction in the fuel reactor exit gas was dependent upon the rate of solids circulation, with higher circulation leading to more unconverted methane. The carbon monoxide fraction was found to follow the thermodynamical equilibrium for all investigated fuel reactor temperatures, 660–950 °C. Thermal analysis of the fuel reactor at stable conditions enabled calculation of the particle circulation which was found to be approximately 4 kg/s, MW. The loss of fines, i.e. the amount of elutriated oxygen carrier particles with diameter <45 μm, decreased during the entire test period. After 160 h of operation the fractional loss of fines was 0.00022 h⁻¹, corresponding to a particle life time of 4500 h.     

Removal of Zn and Ni by adsorption in a fixed bed of wheat straw

Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² in a solution were removed by biosorption in a fixed bed of wheat straw Triticum aestivum. The removal rate and the mass transfer coefficient for Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² were found to be proportional to the liquid superficial velocity to the power of 0.31 for the range of the particle Reynolds number from 18 to 445 (equivalent liquid rates of 0.00070–0.0175 m³ m⁻² s⁻¹). This agrees well with reported literature for mass transfer in a packed bed of solid particles under a laminar flow regime. Effect of the solution pH, temperature and the particle size (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 in.) on biosorption of Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² was also investigated. Biosorption of both Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² increased significantly with the solution pH from 4.0 to 7.0. On the other hand, Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² removal appeared to be insensitive to liquid temperature from 25 to 30 °C. Nevertheless, a 25% increase in the percentage removal of metal ions was observed with further increase of liquid temperature from 30 to 35 °C. However, the biosorbent particle size did not seem to have a systematic effect on the biosorption of Zn⁺² and Ni⁺². In addition, biosorption of Zn⁺² was not affected considerably by co-adsorption of the bimetal solution while biosorption of Ni⁺² decreased about 14%.     

用折流式旋转填料床处理含氨废水

采用折流式旋转填料床处理含氮废水,考察了各因素对吹脱率、传质系数及气相压降的影响、实验结果表明：在pH为10左右、温度为20℃、废水中氨质量浓度为10366mg／L、气体流星为160m^3／h、液体流晕为60L／h、转述为800r／min的条件下,吹脱率为92％,传质系数为3．46kmol／（m^3·s）;折流式旋转填料床的气相压降显著低于其他旋转填料床,且湿床压降低于干床压降;获得了折流式旋转填料床的传质系数和气相压降的回归方程,可分别计算折流式旋转填料床的传质系数和气相压降,考察传质性能和流体力学性能。     

三相生物流化床处理餐饮废水工业性试验研究

采用反应、脱膜和生物载体分离一体化的三相生物流化床反应装置 ,进行工艺集成处理餐饮业废水 ,研究了设备参数和操作参数对处理过程的影响。对于餐饮业废水 ,在进水CODCr在 35 0～ 135 0mg L ,BOD5在 2 10～ 4 90mg L时 ,CODCr去除率达 93 2 % ,BOD5去除率达 95 2 %。