内循环流化床光催化反应器的数值模拟与结构优化

设计了一种新型三相内循环流化床光催化反应器并采用气、液两相模拟方法对其进行了结构优化.依据模拟结果,明确了挡板的位置、长度、底部曝气面积等因素对反应器流体行为的影响.结果表明,最优反应器升、降流区横截面积比为1:1,挡板距反应器底部的距离为0.175m,挡板顶部与沉降区底部持平,底部曝气面积为升流区面积的1.2倍.将该反应器进行三相数值模拟,模拟结果表明,固相催化剂在反应器内能够很好地流化,反应器内无明显的死区,其固液分界面低于气液分界面,沉降区能够发挥很好的固液分离效果.     

聚合氯化铁在微絮凝-深床过滤工艺中的应用

以聚铝(PAC)为参照比较研究了聚合氯化铁(PFC)在微絮凝深床过滤工艺中的应用效果.结果表明PFC投药量少(Fe:Al=3:5),其水头滤程可达63h,周期产水率可达1504m³/m²,而PAC的水头滤程为53h,周期产水率为1266 m³/m²;PFC表现出利于延长运行周期,提高产水率等优势.通过截污机理研究表明,PFC具有形成絮体快,与滤料作用迅速,脱水性能好等特点,与PAC相比PFC更适用于微絮凝-深床过滤工艺.     

两种典型生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二 相态分布特征

采集了机械炉排焚烧炉和循环流化床焚烧炉两种典型生活垃圾焚烧炉排放烟气样品,应用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)同位素内标稀释法分别测定了烟气不同相样品中17种2,3,7,8-位氯取代的PCDDs/PCDFs同类物的含量.结果表明,两种炉型中PCDDs/PCDFs同类物及毒性当量贡献率在冷凝水相中所占的比例均在85%以上,远远高于在滤筒相和XAD-2树脂相中所占的比例,机械炉排炉焚烧排放烟气中∑PCDFs与∑PCDDs的比值为0.77;而循环流化床焚烧排放烟气∑PCDFs与∑PCDDs的比值为5.28.机械炉排炉焚烧烟气三相中OCDD为优势分布,尤其是滤筒相中OCDD的百分比含量高达51.1%.流化床焚烧炉焚烧烟气滤筒、树脂、冷凝水相中没有出现某个单体对总浓度具有绝对优势的贡献.机械炉排焚烧炉和循环流化床焚烧炉排放的烟气中PCDFs的毒性当量贡献最大,尤其是单体2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF对总毒性当量的贡献均在30%以上.     

Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in struvite recovery from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed

Antibiotics in wastewater pose pharmacological threats to phosphorous recovery. Recovered struvite particles possessed significantly antibiotic residues. Smaller granules contained much more antibiotics than the larger ones. Organic matters and struvite granulation process exerted significant impacts. Recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater has gained extensive attention. The residue of veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater may be present in the recovered products, thereby posing pharmacological threats to the agricultural planting and human health. This study investigated antibiotic occurrence in the struvite particles recovered from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed. Results revealed that tetracyclines possessed significant residues in the struvite granules, with the values ranging from 195.2 mg·kg⁻¹ to 1995.0 mg·kg⁻¹. As for fluoroquinolones, their concentrations varied from 0.4 mg·kg⁻¹ to 1104.0 mg·kg⁻¹. Struvite particles were of various sizes and shapes and displayed different antibiotic adsorption capacities. The data also showed that the smaller granules contained much more antibiotics than the larger ones, indicating that the fluidized granulation process of struvite crystals plays an important role on the accumulation of antibiotics. For tetracyclines, organic matters and struvite adsorption exerted significant impacts on tetracyclines migration. The outcomes underscore the need to consider the residues of antibiotics in resource recovery from wastewater because they exert pharmacological impacts on the utilization of recovered products.     

EGSB处理玉米淀粉生产废水中试研究

研究了厌氧膨胀颗粒 (EGSB)反应器处理玉米生产废水的运行过程现象 ,结果表明 ,液体表面上升流速是影响EGSB反应器效能的重要参数 ,当进水CODCr为 35 0 0～ 6 5 0 0mg L时 ,液体表面上升流速为 1～ 3 5m h时 ,EGSB反应器处理始终保持在 85 %以上 ,污泥经过选择后能够适应EGSB反应器的运行条件。     

生物移动床技术在电厂生活污水回用工程中的应用研究

河北西柏坡发电责任有限公司对生活污水进行回用改造 ,厂区内的生活污水CODCr在 10 0mg L左右 ,采用“生物移动床 +生物过滤 +深度过滤 +臭氧消毒”联合工艺。实践证明 ,该工艺处理效率高 ,效果稳定 ,运行安全可靠。     

悬浮填料生物反应器处理低浓度氨氮的动力学特性分析

城市污水经一级强化处理后,NH3-N浓度为10~15mg/L,CODCr为40~60mg/L。试验利用悬浮填料床对一级强化处理出水中的氨氮进行深度处理,分析了悬浮填料表面负荷和硝化速率与水力停留时间的关系,并模拟分析了硝化速率与氨氮浓度的关系。结果表明,悬浮填料床内混合液氨氮浓度为0.5~2.5mg/L时,硝化反应符合半级反应动力学,半级反应速率常数k1/2为0.48(g/m)0.5/d;混合液氨氮浓度>2.1mg/L时,硝化反应遵循零级反应动力学,rmax为0.71g/(m2.d)。动力学理论计算值与实际运行结果基本吻合,说明动力学模型对悬浮填料床的硝化性能具有良好的预测和指导意义。     

Effect of media heights on the performance of biological aerated filter

The optimum media height of carbon oxidation and nitrification in a down-flow biological aerated filter was determined, and the distribution of the heterotrophic and nitrifying populations through studying the changes of organic carbon contents and ammonia concentration at different media height was got. The results showed that as a down flow BAF with granular media, the active layer of nitrifiere was deeper than heterotrophs in BAF. And the optimum media height for the removal of SS, CODcr and NH4^＋ -N was 40 cm,60cm and 80 cm respectively. The removal efficiency of SS, CODcr and NH4^＋ -N was 79.1%, 63.9% and 96.4% respectively under theinfluent CODcr and NH4^＋ -N of 122.1 mgCODcr/L and 14.84 mgNH4^＋ -N/L, the influent flux of 15.8 L/h, air to liauid ratio of 3 : 1.     

滤层厚度对慢滤池深度处理污水的性能影响

将慢滤池用于污水二级出水的深度处理,并利用小试装置研究了滤层厚度对慢滤池性能的影响。选取浊度、COD和色度三个指标,在滤层不同深度处多次取样,分析各指标沿滤层厚度的变化。结果表明,采用粒径为0．4～0．6mm,滤层厚度为800mm的石英砂做滤床时,慢滤池对二级出水具有较好的净化效果：当进水浊度、COD和色度分别为1.3～6．9NTU、30．4～70．0mg·L^-1和20．6°～57．6°时,平均去除率分别达到86．5％、45．0％和46．3％。从试验结果可以看出,慢滤池类似一个微缩的污水二级处理系统,滤层表面的粘性滤膜起到类似初沉池的作用,可以对各指标实现较好的去除,58．6％的浊度、52．7％的COD和45．7％的色度是在滤层上部去除的;慢滤池中部起到类似曝气池的作用,下部起到类似二沉池的作用,对水质指标也能实现一定的去除。     

生物循环流化床工艺自养反硝化研究

对城市污水厂排水进行深度处理时,生物循环流化床提供的兼性环境有利于好氧硝化细菌和兼性厌氧自养反硝化细菌的生长,自养反硝化细菌可以在低有机碳源的情况下,以硫为电子供体进行自养反硝化从而去除NO₃--N. 试验以硫作为反硝化的电子供体引入自主研发的生物循环流化床中进行脱氮,试验进水各项指标参照北京市水污染物排放标准(DB11 307-2005)二级限值. 在6个不同的工况下运行,工况5出水水质可达到国家再生利用景观环境用水的水质,出水ρ(NO₃--N)为9.23 mg/L,去除率为70.61%;出水ρ(NH₄+-N)为2.36 mg/L,去除率为77.54%;出水ρ(TN)为13.53 mg/L,去除率为68.91%;出水ρ(SO₄2-)为245.15 mg/L,去除的NO₃－-N与生成的SO₄2－质量比为1∶7.7.