THRESHOLD TIME SERIES MODELING OF TWO ICELANDIC RIVERFLOW SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: This paper reports our experience in building time series models which connect the flows in two Icelandic rivers with the meteorological variables of precipitation and temperature. Two rivers with different hydrological characteristics were studied. In areas where precipitation may be either in the form of rain or snow linear models are inadequate to describe the relationship between the river and the meteorological variables. The methodology of threshold models recently developed seems to be well suited for taking into account the sharp difference in the relationship according to whether it is freezing or not. The possibility of identifying an alternative threshold variable is also explored.     

THE DILUTION/FLUSHING TECHNIQUE IN LAKE RESTORATION1

ABSTRACT: Dilution/flushing has been documented as an effective restoration technique to restore eutrophic Moses and Green Lakes in Washington State. The dilution water added to both lakes was low in nitrogen and phosphorus content relative to the lake or normal input water. Consequently, lake nutrient content dropped predictably. Dilution or flushing rates were about ten times normal during the spring-summer periods in Moses Lake and three times normal on an annual basis in Green Lake. Improvement in quality (nutrients, algae, and transparency) was on the order of 50 percent in Moses Lake and even greater in Green Lake. The facilities for supplying dilution water were largely in place for the cited lakes; thus, costs for water transport were minimal. Available facilities, and therefore, costs, for water transport would usually vary greatly, however. Achieving maximum benefit from the technique may be more limited by availability of low nutrient water rather than facilities costs. Quality improvement may occur from physical effects of algal cell washout and water column instability if only high nutrient water is available.     

土壤重金属含量对3种常见菊科叶菜重金属累积的影响

为了解蔬菜产地土壤重金属含量对蔬菜重金属累积的影响,以我国南方常见的3种菊科叶菜(苦荬菜Sonchus oleraceus、生菜Lactuca sativa var.crispa、油麦菜Lactuca sativa)为研究对象,选择5种重金属为研究指标,对蔬菜及其产地土壤重金属含量的相关性等进行了分析。3种蔬菜的重金属富集系数表明,3种蔬菜吸收、累积不同重金属元素的能力存在明显差异(p0.05),5种重金属被蔬菜吸收的容易程度从大到小依次为镉、铬(汞)、铅(砷)。各蔬菜品种的重金属超标率和土壤重金属超标率存在不一致现象。其中,蔬菜中镉、铬、砷、汞的超标率均低于土壤的超标率,而蔬菜中铅的超标率则高于其对应土壤的超标率。对3种蔬菜产地土壤与蔬菜重金属质量比的相关性分析表明,其中除生菜中铅和砷与土壤中相应重金属元素相关性不显著外,其他情况下都呈显著相关性(p0.05)。建立了3种蔬菜及其土壤重金属含量的回归分析模型,并据此推算出种植3种蔬菜的土壤重金属安全阈值,其中,除生菜产地土壤中铅阈值在现行标准范围内之外,其他土壤重金属阈值均远高于现行标准。该阈值结合了大田土壤环境的实际情况,对当地农产品安全生产具有更强的针对性和可靠性。     

广平台地磁日变幅逐日比与地震关系的研究

分析了河北广平地磁台1982年至2006年地磁垂直分量日变幅逐日比值的高值异常与河北及邻区Ms≥5．0地震之间的关系，发现它们之间有较好的对应关系；同时给出了适用于广平地磁台的地震分析预报参数，并对其内检预报效能进行了评价，为今后广平台依磁报震提供了依据。     

13C同位素稀释法测定国产多氯联苯的2,3,7,8－TCDD毒性当量

应用质量控制方法测定了２种国产商品多氯联苯中１７个，２，３，７，８位有氯取代的二ｅｙｉｎｇ同族体，获得准确的定量结果，加入＾１３Ｃ标记物的ＰＣＢｓ样品用多级酸碱硅胶柱和氧化铝柱提取分离，用毛细管色谱／高分辨质谱定量，２种样品中都含有较多的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＦ和２，３，７，８Ｐ５ＣＤＦ，１＾＃ＰＣＢ的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量值为２１７ｎｇ／ｇ，２＾＃ＰＣＢ为４１７ｎｇ／ｇ，毒性主要来自Ｐ     

聚合氯化铝(PAC)对腐殖酸有机溶胶混凝机理的探讨

采用一定铝总量［Ａｌ］Ｔ的不同羟铝比（ｒ＝［ＯＨ］／［Ａｌ］）的ＰＡＣ溶液对有机溶胶进行混凝实验．结果表明，聚合氯化铝表面张力（σ）与有机溶胶的ＣＯＤ去除率呈正相关．根据溶液表面张力与溶质水合能力的关系和不同羟铝比的聚合氯化铝中各种羟铝配离子的相对含量，探讨聚合氯化铝对有机溶胶的混凝机理．     

BOD_5样品稀释度对测定结果的影响研究

通过实验研究样品稀释度对BOD5测定的影响。观察到样品稀释度对BOD5测定值和培养液耗氧率均有显著影响,选取合适的样品稀释度是提高BOD5分析准确度的关键。实验结果表明,最合适的样品稀释度所对应的培养液耗氧率为39%～63%。探讨了BOD5分析数据处理及结果表述方法,提出了相应的改进意见和建议。     

~（13）C同位素稀释法测定国产多氯联苯的2，3，7，8－TCDD毒性当量

应用质量控制方法测定了２种国产商品多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）中１７个２，３，７，８位有氯取代的二　同族体，获得准确的定量结果，加入￣（１３）Ｃ标记物的ＰＣＢｓ样品用多级酸碱硅胶柱和氧化铝柱提取分离，用毛细管色谱／高分辨质谱定量，２种样品中都含有较多的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＦ和２，３，７，８－Ｐ＿５ＣＤＦ。１￣＃ＰＣＢ的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量值为２１７ｎｇ／ｇ，２￣＃ＰＣＢ为４１７ｎｇ／ｇ，毒性主要来自ＰＣＤＦｓ，并与国外同类商品ＰＣＢｓ作了比较。     

Ozone distribution in central Italy and its effect on crop productivity

The focus of the present study was to assess the ozone levels in a typical area of the Mediterranean basin, viz. Tuscany (central Italy). Eighty-thousand hourly mean ozone concentrations were recorded by 10 automatic analysers in the districts of Florence, Pisa, Lucca and Prato, from May to September 1995 to 1997. The highest daily mean concentrations were reached in Florence, with a maximum hourly average of 197 ppb. In Lucca and Pisa, the peaks were close to 100 ppb. Data from Prato were much lower. Long-term critical levels for vegetation, as set by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), were constantly exceeded in Florence and Pisa, occasionally in Lucca, never in Prato. The results were used to fit exposure/yield response relationships proposed by UNECE and US National Crop Loss Assessment Network for some important crops. The estimated yield losses varied in Florence from 8% for corn and alfalfa to 27% for soybean, in Pisa from 5% for corn to 24% for soybean, in Lucca from 3% for corn to 17% for soybean. A preliminary economic estimate for corn, wheat, barley, soybean, tomato and alfalfa, calculated annual damage to be 4.6 M Euro in Florence, 0.5 M Euro in Lucca and 3 M Euro in Pisa. The picture must be regarded as only partial, as exposure/yield response relationships for important Italian crops (such as grapevine and vegetables) are not available.     

污水排海工程设计的初步研究

本文结合我国国情根据混合区边缘污染物背景值以及海域功能，从而确定允许的污染物最大增加值，并具此推算出扩散器长度和起始稀释度。