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361.
跨流域引水工程对晋江水环境容量的贡献 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用概率稀释模型(PDM-PS)计算方法,在设计条件为流量7Q10、达标率100%的情况下,计算该工程建设前后东溪和晋江干流水环境容量,并进行比较,结果表明,该引水工程年平均引水3.5亿m^3,分别为东溪及晋江干流增加水环境容量(以CODCr计)5446.1kg/d和4293.4kg/d。 相似文献
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The stability, mixing and effect of downstream control on axisymmetric turbulent buoyant jets discharging vertically into
shallow stagnant water is studied using 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) combined with a buoyancy-extended
k –ε model. The steady axisymmetric turbulent flow, temperature (or tracer concentration) and turbulence fields are computed using
the finite volume method on a high resolution grid. The numerical predictions demonstrate two generic flow patterns for different
turbulent heated jet discharges and environmental parameters (i) a stable buoyant discharge with the mixed fluid leaving the
vertical jet region in a surface warm water layer; and (ii) an unstable buoyant discharge with flow recirculation and re-entrainment
of heated water. A stratified counterflow region always appears in the far-field for both stable and unstable buoyant discharges.
Provided that the domain radius L exceeds about 6H, the near field interaction and hence discharge stability is governed chiefly by the jet momentum length scale to depth ratio
lM/H, regardless of downstream control. The near field jet stability criterion is determined to be lM/H = 3.5. A radial internal hydraulic jump always exists beyond the surface impingement region, with a 3- to 6-fold increase
in dilution across the jump compared with vertical buoyant jet mixing. The predicted stability category, velocity and temperature/concentration
fields are well-supported by experiments of all previous investigators. 相似文献
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One bottle of Yusho rice oil was obtained from a Yusho family in 1998. The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the causal oil were investigated with two different approaches and the individual concentrations of all the 17 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F and 14 coplanar PCB (Co-PCB) congeners were elucidated for the first time. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were found to be 0.60 and 8.8 ppm, respectively. For PCBs, more than 130 PCB peaks were observed and a total concentration of 850 ppm including 170 ppm of Co-PCBs was obtained. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCDDs, PCDFs, and Co-PCBs were calculated to be 17, 470, and 120 ppb, respectively. The relative contribution of these classes to the total TEQ in Yusho oil is 3%, 77%, and 20%, respectively, indicating that PCDFs play a major role in the toxicity of Yusho oil. Furthermore, it was confirmed that 2,3,4,7,8-penta-CDF contributes 58% to the total TEQ, supporting the view that this compound is the principal causal agent in Yusho poisoning. It is noteworthy that the most toxic 2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD was newly discovered, although it contributes only 0.1% to the total TEQ. Based on our data, the smallest TEQ intake during the latent period was estimated to be 0.067 mg for Yusho patients. This value is about 60% of that previously reported, suggesting a lower minimum threshold level for the development of the toxic symptoms of Yusho. 相似文献
368.
同位素稀释质谱法测定IMEP-6水样品中的痕量镉和铅 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用国际公认的具有绝对测量性质的同位素稀释质谱法(IDMS)为国际测量评估计划(IMEP-6)所用比对样品定值,准确测定了该样品中痕量镉和铅,提供的测定值与事后组织者公布的标准值附和较好。 相似文献
369.
围湖垦殖对湖泊调蓄功能的累加效应分析 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
计算了长湖、洪湖在围垦前后湖泊容量在水位变化时的容量增长率和四个涝灾年份降雨条件下汛期湖泊水位逐日增加值,对四湖流域尚存的18个湖泊的围垦强度与容量损失情况进行了分析。结果发现,围垦后的长湖容量平均增长率、相对增长率、最大增长率分别从1.8436、0.1834、2.4979(10^8m^3/m)减少到了1.4321,0.1802,1.7569(10^8m^3/m0,洪湖容量平均增长率、相对增长率、最大增长率分别从5.8506、0.3000、6.5095(10^8m^3/m)减少到了3.3970、0.2900、3.4440(10^8m^3/m),围垦导致的湖泊容量损失随着水位上升呈加速增加趋势,随着围垦强度的增加呈加速增加趋势,围垦后这两个湖泊在同样降雨条件下的水位逐日增加值都有不同程度的增加且这种增加值随着雨量和围垦强度的增加而增加。18个湖泊容量变化率随着围垦强度的增加而增加且在围垦强度为40%左右时表现出门槛效应。表明围湖垦残对湖泊调蓄功能的影响具有明显的累加效应。从累加效应的角度对四湖流域围湖垦残的合理性和退田还湖问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Nuchal translucency (NT) measurements were compared between 13 centres participating in a multi-marker Down syndrome screening program. Results from 4765 women were analysed, and there were highly statistically significant between-centre differences after allowing for gestation (P < 0.0001). Examination of maternal serum marker levels, expressed in multiples of the median (MoM) for gestation, showed that this was not due to gestational errors. Regression analysis was carried out to derive an equation with a centre-specific component that could be used to express NT in MoMs. Use of this equation reduced the variance of logNT by 15% compared to a published equation. The equation can be readily modified for use in other centres. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献