Numerical and experimental study on flame spread over conveyor belts in a large-scale tunnel

Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to the miners. This paper presents numerical and experimental results characterizing a conveyor belt fire in a large-scale tunnel. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the flame spread over the conveyor belt in a mine entry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were conducted for the conveyor belt and results were used to estimate the kinetic properties for modeling the pyrolysis process of the conveyor belt burning. The CFD model was calibrated using results from the large-scale conveyor belt fire experiments. The comparison between simulation and test results shows that the CFD model is able to capture the major features of the flame spread over the conveyor belt. The predicted maximum heat release rate, and maximum smoke temperature are in good agreement with the large-scale tunnel fire test results. The calibrated CFD model can be used to predict the flame spread over a conveyor belt in a mine entry under different physical conditions and ventilation parameters to aid in the design of improved fire detection and suppression systems, mine rescue, and mine emergency planning.     

基于点-轴系统理论的北黄海经济带空间结构研究

选取北黄海经济带作为研究对象,从区域空间角度,基于点-轴理论,重点分析了北黄海经济带的空间结构.结果表明,北黄海经济带的空间发展模式为点-轴渐进逐级开发模式,并具有规模经济效应、集聚与扩散效应、交通协同效应;北黄海经济带依托大连经济发展一级枢纽轴心,沿庄河、东港二级枢纽轴心的两条产业轴延伸,形成一条点-轴式空间发展枢纽轴带,即北黄海经济带.     

汉江流域资源开发型产业发展刍论

汉江流域地处我国中西部结合与过渡地带，经济地理位置重要，是我国重要的待开发区域之一，也是需以资源市场导向开发先行的区域。其资源开发型产业的发展，宜突出优势资源利用，进行系统综合开发，建立商品生产基地，实施集约规模经营，原料商品生产相对分散以物尽其用和加快山区农村脱贫致富，资源加工工业发展适度集中以构筑起规模经济效益发展格局。     

徐淮平原农田防护林系统土壤水分动态

对小麦不同物候期农田防护林系统土壤含水量动态变化的测定结果表明:小麦不同物候期田间平均含水量的变化规律为幼苗期>返青期>拔节期>灌浆期,幼苗期和返青期杨树防护林对小麦的胁地影响不大,灌浆期是农田防护林与小麦争夺水分最为激烈的时期;幼龄防护林带能有效增加农田土壤含水量,对小麦生长有利,成熟林与农作物争夺水分的能力比幼龄林强,且对农作物的水分竞争主要集中在0.2倍树高范围内,造成此范围内土壤含水量明显不足。     

长江经济带城市土地利用效率格局演变及驱动机制研究

以长江经济带为研究区域,综合运用DEA模型、ESDA统计指数及Tobit线性回归模型等方法对长江经济带城市土地利用效率格局演变及驱动机制进行了初步地分析。结果表明:(1)2000~2012年长江经济带城市土地利用效率总体上呈上升趋势,存在显著区域差异,且技术效率高于综合效率和规模效率;(2)全局上城市土地利用效率呈现出正的空间自相关,效率高(低)的城市相互空间邻接;局部上城市土地利用效率的L-L类型主要集中在川西高原区,空间分布形态较平稳,而效率H-H类型主要分布在上海及苏南地区,并逐渐向绍杭、皖江地区演化,从"一字形"转向"Z字形"分布;(3)城镇化、经济发展、产业结构、科技水平及土地市场化是研究期长江经济带城市土地利用效率格局时空演变主要驱动力。     

太湖西岸湖滨带沉积物氮磷有机质分布及评价

采集了太湖西岸湖滨带的表层沉积物,研究了沉积物中氮、磷和有机质的空间分布并进行评价.结果表明,表层沉积物氮、磷和有机质含量基本上呈由近岸向远岸递增的趋势,各点表层沉积物有机质平均含量7 124.00 mg.kg-1,介于2 261.78～11 963.10 mg.kg-1;总氮平均含量819.20 mg.kg-1,介于343.20～1 390.12 mg.kg-1;总磷平均含量379.39 mg.kg-1,介于197.46～570.85 mg.kg-1.沉积物中C/N值为9.5.沉积物中有机质及营养盐来源于湖中藻类和水生高等植物.采用有机指数和有机氮评价太湖西岸湖滨带沉积物的环境质量,有机指数平均为0.037,有机氮为0.044%,总体上属于尚清洁范畴.远岸端点位沉积物有机指数及有机氮含量均较高,存在转为有机污染的风险.     

“九五”长江沿江经济带发展前景研究

分析了长江沿江经济带经济发展的客观现状，明确了未来发展的目标，并就“九五”期间长江沿江经济带发展应注意的问题及相应对策进行了探讨。     

广东省兴宁市霞岚-永和钒钛磁铁矿带成矿地质特征

在广东省梅州兴宁盆地霞岗－永和一带，产出中国东部罕见的、与早侏罗世层状镁铁－超镁铁质杂岩体有关的大型钒钛磁铁矿（铬铁矿）矿床，具有重要的科学和经济价值。本文介绍子霞岚－永和钒钛磁铁矿成矿带的地质特征，从成矿带沉积建造、区域构造和岩浆活动等方面阐述了成矿带的形成条件及控矿因素，并指出了成矿带远景、找矿目标及其科学意见。     

汾渭地震带地震发生的灰色灾变预测

本文应用灰色理论中的灾变预测方法,建立了汾渭地震带中强震发生时间的灰色预测模型。并对未来中强震的发震时间进行了预测。     

Documenting the sustainability of a mature Click It or Ticket program: the North Carolina experience

North Carolina was the first United States jurisdiction to implement a statewide program (called Click It or Ticket) coupling concentrated enforcement with massive publicity to increase seat belt use. After a successful pilot program in three very different North Carolina communities, the statewide program was launched in October 1993, and has been most active and productive as well as imitated by many other states over the past decade. This paper explores the combination of ingredients that have been employed and sustained over that period of time. These include: (a) a basic coalition of critical public-private agencies (central to the planning, execution, and publicity of the many Click It or Ticket programs); (b) critical top-down commitments (starting with the governor); (c) pervasive and innovative media events/press releases/ PSAs/ web site information; (d) vigorous and well-publicized law enforcement; (e) feedback on results with solid, updated data; (f) related statewide and local programs/activities; and last but not least (g) continuous funding.