采煤驱动下潘谢矿区水体演变及其景观生态效应

基于Landsat数据利用水体指数、波段运算和阈值法提取了淮南潘谢矿区1979、1987、2000及2006年水体信息,结合矿井采掘工程布置识别了塌陷水体与自然水体.面积统计结果表明1979年自然水体、塌陷水体面积最小,1980年后农田水利工程、开挖鱼塘、取土烧砖等人为活动导致后期自然水体面积增大;矿区内井工采煤导致塌...     

不同喜树碱制剂对普通小球藻的毒性比较

以普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为试验材料,连续10d测定了新型生物农药喜树碱3种不同的制剂对普通小球藻的毒性.结果表明：0.2%喜树碱乳油对普通小球藻毒性最高（EC50值在0.0368～0.2547mg.L-1）,其中第3天的EC50值最小为0.0368mg.L-1;0.5%喜树碱钠盐的毒性较低（...     

Screening of agonistic activities against four nuclear receptors in wastewater treatment plants in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay

To assess the potential endocrine disruptive effects through multiple nuclear receptors(NRs),especially non-steroidal NRs,in municipal wastewater,we examined the agonistic activities on four NRs(estrogen receptor α,thyroid hormone receptor α,retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α) of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay.Investigation of the influent and effluent of seven WWTPs revealed that agonistic activities...     

Estrogenic effects of water from the Yangtze River （Nanjing section） on goldfish （Carassius auratus） after an early life stage exposure

Effects of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) on fish development, vitellogenin (VTG) induction, gonado-somatic index (GSI) and sex ratio were investigated by exposing goldfish (Carassius auratus) in the early life stage (from fertilization to 28 days post-hatch) to water samples (25%, 50% and 100%) collected from three representative sections. The results showed that there was no significant effect on hatching success for any of the exposure groups, but survival was significantly reduced when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Body lengths, weights of all treated fish did not differ significantly from those of the control. Condition factors (CF) of larval fish exposed to 50% and 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section were significantly lower than that of the control (P< 0.05). VTG inductions were significant in larval fish exposed to all the dilution series of river water. No significant difference in CF value was observed in any exposure group after 150 days of depuration. VTG was fully eliminated after 75 days of depuration. For both female and male, GSI did not significantly differ between exposure groups and the control after 150 days of convalescence. The highest female:male ratios were observed in response to the treatment with 50% or 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section (53:47, 56:44 and 54:46, respectively), but no significant difference in sex ratio was observed in any treated group when compared to the control. The results showed that early life stage exposure of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) had adverse effects on goldfish development and reproductive health, and the effects on CF and VTG were reversible after depuration in clean water.     

有机锡通过核受体干扰内分泌的研究进展

有机锡能够作为视黄酸x受体（Retinoid X receptor,RXR）和与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（Peroxisome proliferator—activated receptor γ,PPARγ）的激动剂,对RXR激活可能和引起螺类性畸变有关。有机锡还可能通过激活RXR／PPARγ异源二聚体促进脊椎动物脂肪分化和影响脂质代谢平衡。     

Genotoxic effects of binary mixtures of xenoandrogens (tributyltin, triphenyltin) and a xenoestrogen (ethinylestradiol) in a partial life-cycle test with Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

A partial life-cycle test with the model fish Danio rerio was performed in order to evaluate the genotoxic potential of binary mixtures of xenoandrogenic (tributyltin--TBT; triphenyltin--TPT) and an estrogenic compound (ethinylestradiol--EE2). Five days post-fertilisation larvae were diet-exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of TBT and TPT (25 ng/g-100 ng/g), and water-exposed to ethinylestradiol (3.5 ng/L) for a four-month period; binary mixtures of TBT plus EE2 and TPT plus EE2 were run in parallel. The erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) assay in circulating erythrocytes was used to evaluate genotoxicity in the end of the four-month exposure period. A significant increase (p<0.05, Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA) in ENA frequency, in comparison with control animals, was observed in those animals exposed to TBT and TPT (the highest doses only), and to EE2 and the binary mixtures, although neither synergistic nor additive effects of the tested compounds were evident. Overall, the results clearly indicate that chronic exposure to low levels of TBT, TPT, EE2 and binary mixtures of TBT plus EE2 and TPT plus EE2 are genotoxic to zebrafish, which may suggest that wild fish populations may be under increased DNA damage in areas contaminated by these endocrine disrupting chemicals.     

Species-dependent effects of the phenolic herbicide ioxynil with potential thyroid hormone disrupting activity: modulation of its cellular uptake and activity by interaction with serum thyroid hormone-binding proteins

Ioxynil, a phenolic herbicide, is known to exert thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting activity by interfering with TH-binding to plasma proteins and a step of the cellular TH-signaling pathway in restricted animal species. However, comparative studies are still lacking on the TH disruption.We investigated the interaction of [¹²⁵I]ioxynil with serum proteins from rainbow trout, bullfrog, chicken, pig, rat, and mouse, using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Candidate ioxynil-binding proteins, which included lipoproteins, albumin and transthyretin (TTR), differed among the vertebrates tested. Rainbow trout and bullfrog tadpole serum had the lowest binding activity for ioxynil, whereas the eutherian serum had the highest binding activity. The cellular uptake of, and response to, ioxynil were suppressed by rat serum greater than by tadpole serum. The cellular uptake of [¹²⁵I]ioxynil competed strongly with phenols with a single ring, but not with THs. Our results suggested that ioxynil interferes with TH homeostasis in plasma and with a step of cellular TH-signaling pathway other than TH-uptake system, in a species-specific manner.     

析因设计DLLME-SFO同时萃取水中EDCs的应用

采用全析因设计对分散液液微萃取-上浮溶剂固化(DLLME-SFO)同时萃取水中五种环境内分泌干扰物包括雌酮(E1)、雌三醇(E3)、双酚A(BPA)、己烯雌酚(DES)和壬基酚(NP)的条件进行优化,建立了预测回归方程,并分析了因素对DLLME-SFO萃取回收率的影响。利用SAS软件分析得到的最优条件为盐浓度(m/v)15%、水样体积3 mL、分散剂(甲醇)体积0.5 mL以及萃取剂(十二醇)体积120μL。在优化萃取条件下,E1、E3、BPA、DES和NP萃取回收率的预测值分别为46.17%、74.38%、79.20%、69.62%和73.05%,实验验证值分别为44.15%、87.76%、77.83%、77.68%和70.01%,实验值与预测值的相对偏差小于10%。将建立的DLLME-SFO方法用于测定实际水样中的目标化合物,结果显示实际水样中E3、BPA、DES、E1和NP同时萃取回收率分别为64.81%~76.18%,88.09%~83.15%,68.38%~70.08%,66.37%~68.72%,68.35%~72.80%,相对标准偏差(n=3)在1.47%~8.09%之间。     

缘管浒苔对利玛原甲藻生长的克生作用

研究了缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)新鲜组织、干粉末、培养水过滤液和抽提液对利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima)生长的克生效应。试验结果表明,缘管浒苔新鲜组织和干粉末对利玛原甲藻均有强烈的克生作用。利玛原甲藻以半连续培养法在缘管浒苔培养水过滤液中的生长受到明显抑制;以一次性培养法在缘管浒苔培养水过滤液中的生长未受到明显抑制;而煮沸的培养水过滤液对利玛原甲藻的生长无抑制作用。这表明,克生效应的产生需要克生物质的连续分泌,且克生物质在高温中易被分解。抽提液的克生作用表现为:甲醇抽提液大于水溶性抽提液大于氯仿抽提液,这表明缘管浒苔组织内的生长抑制活性物质具有相对较高的极性。     

Fe(Ⅵ)在光催化条件下的分解及协同光催化降解BPA的研究

研究了不同条件下Fe(Ⅵ)-光催化氧化方法对双酚A (BPA)的降解作用.结果表明,在光催化氧化中,TiO₂表面产生的光生电子(e^-_cb)会将Fe(Ⅵ)还原成Fe(Ⅴ)和Fe(Ⅳ),Fe(Ⅵ)的加入对光催化氧化起到了协同作用,提高了光催化氧化的效率.此外,还研究了Fe(Ⅵ)在不同条件下的分解情况,发现光催化氧化能促进Fe(Ⅵ)的分解,随着pH值的增加,TiO₂表面吸附Fe(Ⅵ)的能力减弱.采用光催化氧化方法降解BPA时,加入Fe(Ⅵ)可以提高BPA的氧化降解速率2.5倍.