Strategic alignment with organizational priorities and work engagement: A multi‐wave analysis

This study advances the limited research on work alignment and work engagement by investigating how perceived alignment of job tasks and organizational strategic priorities (strategic alignment) influences work engagement. Measures of job control and work social support were also included to enable comparisons between strategic alignment and other well‐established job resources. A total of 1011 employees of an Australian state police service responded to three electronic, self‐report surveys. A reciprocal model was assessed over three waves of data, with varying time lags: 18 (Time 1 to Time 2), 12 (Time 2 to Time 3), and 30 months (Time 1 to Time 3). Longitudinal, reciprocal relationships were observed for work engagement and job control, strategic alignment, and colleague support. Work engagement also predicted supervisor support over time (reverse effect). This study demonstrated that, in addition to job resources, perceived alignment of job tasks and organizational priorities plays an important role in maintaining high levels of work engagement over time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The coastal component of the U.S. integrated ocean observing system

The combined effects of human activities and natural variability present significant challenges to the goals of protecting, restoring, and sustaining coastal ecosystems. Meeting these challenges and resolving conflicts in an informed fashion will require: (1) more timely detection and prediction of environmental changes and their consequences; and (2) more timely access to relevant environmental information. The achievement of these goals depends on the development of a sustained and integrated coastal ocean observing system (ICOOS) that insures timely access to the data and information required to improve: (1) climate predictions and the effects of changes in the weather on coastal populations; (2) efforts to sustain and restore healthy coastal marine ecosystems and living marine resources; and (3) compliance monitoring and evaluations of the efficacy of environmental policies. Although the responsible federal and state agencies all require similar environmental information, many separate programs have evolved for collecting, managing, and analyzing data for various purposes. Consequently, there is too much redundancy; access to diverse data from disparate sources is limited and time consuming; and individual programs are inevitably underfunded and too limited in scope. A system is needed that coordinates and integrates many of the elements of these programs to minimize redundancy, be more comprehensive, provide more timely access to data and information, and satisfy the information needs of a greater number of user groups in a more cost-effective fashion. This is the purpose of the ICOOS.     

有毒物质对水生态系统效应研究的进展

本文总结了近年来有毒物质对水生态系统的生态效应研究现状及发展趋势,提出了今后测定有毒物质生态效应应该注意的问题。     

TiO2光催化降解有机污染物的协同效应研究

微量的强氧化剂H2O2、O3引入纳米TiO2光催化体系能够极大地提高有机污染物氧化降解效率.本文通过对这一效应促进有机物降解的相关文献综述,探讨论述了协同效应产生的机理以及影响因素,并就其将来研究与实际污染物处理应用提出了新思路.     

污染场地中有机氯农药对土壤原生动物群的影响

有机氯农药污染土壤对生态环境具有潜在的风险。采集某废弃农药厂污染场地的土壤样品,测定了土壤的理化性质,以及典型有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)的残留浓度,并对土壤中原生动物的组成和数量进行了分析。结果显示,农药厂区域的土壤中原生动物的组成结构为:鞭毛虫和肉足虫为优势类群,纤毛虫为稀有类群。土壤理化性质与原生动物数量的相关性分析表明,总氮含量与鞭毛虫、纤毛虫数量和原生动物总数量呈显著正相关,总磷含量与肉足虫数量呈显著正相关。同时,农药厂区域土壤中的原生动物数量较对照区显著减少,污染场地中长期残留的有机氯农药对原生动物有明显抑制作用。     

Catalyzing success in community-based conservation

Efforts to devolve rights and engage Indigenous Peoples and local communities in conservation have increased the demand for evidence of the efficacy of community-based conservation (CBC) and insights into what enables its success. We examined the human well-being and environmental outcomes of a diverse set of 128 CBC projects. Over 80% of CBC projects had some positive human well-being or environmental outcomes, although just 32% achieved positive outcomes for both (i.e., combined success). We coded 57 total national-, community-, and project-level variables and controls from this set, performed random forest classification to identify the variables most important to combined success, and calculated accumulated local effects to describe their individual influence on the probability of achieving it. The best predictors of combined success were 17 variables suggestive of various recommendations and opportunities for conservation practitioners related to national contexts, community characteristics, and the implementation of various strategies and interventions informed by existing CBC frameworks. Specifically, CBC projects had higher probabilities of combined success when they occurred in national contexts supportive of local governance, confronted challenges to collective action, promoted economic diversification, and invested in various capacity-building efforts. Our results provide important insights into how to encourage greater success in CBC.     

汞和砷单一及联合暴露对日本沼虾的氧化应激效应

为深入探讨汞(Hg)和砷(As)对水生生物的慢性毒性效应,以日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)为受试生物,以超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、金属硫蛋白(MT)和丙二醛(MDA)为测试分子标志物,研究上覆水中不同浓度Hg和As单一及联合暴露对日本沼虾肝胰腺的氧化损伤及联合作用机制。结果表明:Hg和As单一及联合暴露对4种分子标志物均可产生不同程度的抑制或激活效应。其中,SOD活性均受到抑制,且高浓度As(1000μg·L-1)暴露10 d的抑制率最大,高达59.13%;而CAT活性整体被激活,Hg单独暴露下的激活效应要高于As,且在联合暴露组中随着暴露时间的增加呈现出显著的剂量效应关系(P0.05);MT和MDA含量在Hg和As的暴露下均显著增加(P0.05)。其中MT对Hg的螯合能力大于As,As单独暴露3 d后MDA变化较小,但10 d后其含量显著增加(P0.05)。析因方差分析发现,Hg-As对机体的联合作用机制主要表现为协同作用。综合生物标志物响应指数(IBR)评价证实,联合毒性要高于单独毒性,Hg与As在高浓度下联合暴露10 d的IBR值最大,毒性最强,高浓度As单独暴露处理组的毒性次之;同时,机体自身随暴露时间延长对Hg也表现出一定的解毒功能。     

Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

We modeled the impact of haze radiative effects on precipitation in North China. Shortwave heating induced by haze radiative effects would reduce heavy rainfalls. Convection was the key factor that whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed. Precipitation was often suppressed where CAPE, RH and updraft velocities were high. The impact of haze radiative effect on summertime 24-h convective precipitation over North China was investigated using WRF model (version 3.3) through model sensitivity studies between scenarios with and without aerosol radiative effects. The haze radiative effect was represented by incorporating an idealized aerosol optical profile, with AOD values around 1, derived from the aircraft measurement into the WRF shortwave scheme. We found that the shortwave heating induced by aerosol radiative effects would significantly reduce heavy rainfalls, although its effect on the post-frontal localized thunderstorm precipitation was more diverse. To capture the key factors that determine whether precipitation is enhanced or suppressed, model grids with 24-h precipitation difference between the two scenarios exceeding certain threshold (>30 mm or<-30 mm) were separated into two sets. Analyses of key meteorological variables between the enhanced and suppressed regimes suggested that atmospheric convection was the most important factor that determined whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed during summertime over North China. The convection was stronger over places with precipitation enhancement over 30 mm. Haze weakened the convection over places with precipitation suppression exceeding 30 mm and caused less water vapor to rise to a higher level and thus further suppressed precipitation. The suppression of precipitation was often accompanied with relatively high convective available potential energy (CAPE), relative humidity (RH) and updraft velocities.     

国内外少数民族村寨旅游研究进展

近年来,少数民族村寨的旅游发展引起了社会各界的广泛关注,旅游者对其兴趣浓厚,倍加青睐,国内外学者们纷纷探讨了适合少数民族村寨旅游发展的道路.归纳发现,国内外学者在研究内容上存在着一定的差异,通过总结他们集中探讨的问题,给我国少数民族村寨旅游发展提供一定的借鉴.     

19种动植物粗提物对锦鲤诱食活性的研究

以16种植物和3种动物提取物作为实验材料,以体长为3—5cm的锦鲤为实验对象,采用触球法进行诱食活性研究,5次重复试验,并利用SPSS软件进行分析。结果表明,大蒜、浒苔、洋葱、西红柿、江蓠、陈皮、橙子、山楂、紫菜提取物和海星、海蜇、牡蛎提取物对锦鲤显示出诱食反应。其中,大蒜P=0.0010.05、浒苔P=0.0020.05、江蓠P=0.0040.05、陈皮P=0.0370.05、海星P=0.0030.05,说明大蒜、浒苔、江蓠、陈皮、海星对锦鲤的诱食反应有显著意义。