黄河三角洲石油开采区盐渍化农田土壤多环芳烃的分布特征与源解析

采集黄河三角洲石油开采区滨州市89个土壤样品(其中:83个农田土壤样品,6个石油开采区土壤样品),采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)分析土壤中的16种EPA优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)组成与含量,运用主成分分析(PCA)和正定矩阵因子法(PMF)模型判断农田土壤中多环芳烃的来源.结果表明,农田土壤中16种PAHs总含量(以干重计)范围31. 5～1 399. 4μg·kg~(-1),其平均值为149. 8μg·kg~(-1). PAHs组成特征表明,该地区农田土壤中主要以4～6环多环芳烃为主,单体PAH间大多呈显著相关(P 0. 01),表明采样区某些单体PAH的污染来源具有一定的相似性.两种源解析方法对多环芳烃的来源判定有相似的结果,农田土壤中PAHs主要来源于燃煤、生物质燃烧、化石燃料燃烧以及柴油燃烧; 4类源的贡献率依次是汽油燃烧(24. 05%)、柴油燃烧(6. 17%)、低温热解过程(60. 67%)与煤燃烧(9. 11%).     

西藏中部河流、湖泊表层沉积物及其周边土壤重金属来源解析及风险评价

为了解西藏河流-湖泊体系沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布、潜在来源及生态风险,对西藏中部河流、湖泊表层沉积物及其周边土壤中As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、V、Zn、Al和Fe 16种重金属总量进行了分析,并利用主成分分析-绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归（PCA-APCS-MLR）受体模型定量解析了重金属的潜在来源.描述性统计分析表明,研究区As、Cd、Hg、Ni含量较高,其中Hg和As污染较为严重;富集因子、地累积指数、污染负荷指数均表明研究区Hg污染较重,其次是As、Cd、Ni;平均沉积物质量基准系数法与潜在生态风险指数结果表明,研究区受Hg、As、Cd、Ni污染,其中Hg污染较重.在空间分布方面,污染相对较重的区域主要集中在昂仁金错、堆龙曲及一些封闭型湖泊,其中As污染范围最广.PCA-APCS-MLR分析表明,沉积物重金属主要有3个来源,分别为自然来源、交通运输和大气传输以及地热活动和矿山开采等;Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、V、Zn、Al和Fe主要受自然因素影响;Ba、Mo、Pb主要受交通运输和大气传输影响;As几乎全部来自地热活动和矿山开采;Cd、Sb来源较为广泛,3个主要来源均有占比.土壤中Cd、Hg含量较高,可能受交通因素影响较大,同时还与工业排放后远距离输送所造成的大气污染有关.     

漳州大气PM2.5污染特征与区域传输影响分析

利用多点位三维受体模型与后向轨迹模型,研究了漳州市近海与城区两个代表性点位不同季节不同来向气团所载带的PM_(2.5)浓度、化学组分及污染源贡献特征。结果表明:近海与城区两点位PM_(2.5)质量浓度在季节变化上均为夏季低,冬季高(近海点位夏季37.3μg/m~3,冬季52.1μg/m~3;城区点位夏季38.5μg/m~3,冬季86.2μg/m~3);总体而言,近海点位主要受本地气团以及江苏-浙江来向气团影响,城区点位主要受广东省及其近海来向气团影响。在PM_(2.5)化学组成上,近海点位二次无机组分SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、NH_4~+均高于城区点位,而城区点位秋季二次有机污染明显高于近海点位。因受河口地形影响,近海点位冬季PM_(2.5)各化学组分均高于城区点位。两点位源解析结果存在季节性差异。在近海点位,春冬季二次无机源贡献最大,夏秋季二次有机源贡献最大;在城区点位,春季建筑尘、夏季二次有机源、秋季地壳尘、冬季二次无机源占比最大。不同来向气团对两点位四季PM_(2.5)分担率分别为:近海点位春季NNE来向的二次无机源(20.5%)、夏季SW来向的二次有机源(14.3%)、秋季NNE来向的二次有机源(10.0%)、冬季NE来向的二次无机源(24.2%);城区点位春季NNE来向的建筑尘(18.0%)、夏季WSW来向的二次有机源(15.9%)、秋季NNE来向的地壳尘(15.4%)、冬季NNE来向的二次无机源(24.3%)。     

Prenatal overgrowth and mosaic trisomy 15q25-qter including the IGF1 receptor gene

Overgrowth is rarely associated with chromosomal imbalances. Here, we report on a male foetus presenting with overgrowth and additional material on the short arm of one of the chromosome 15 in 12% of lymphocytes and 50% of amniotic cells. Parents' karyotypes were normal, indicating a de novo origin for this unbalanced rearrangement. Complementary studies using cytogenetic and FISH studies showed that this additional material resulted in a 15q25-qter trisomy and confirmed the presence of three copies of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene, included in the trisomic region. Autopsy performed after termination of pregnancy revealed isolated overgrowth and absence of visceral malformations. The possible mechanisms and origins for the formation of this mosaic pure trisomy are complex. The present observation emphasises the hypothesis that the overgrowth phenotype, frequently reported in patients with trisomy including the 15q26 region, might be causally related to a dosage effect of the IGF1R gene, as well as the importance of chromosome analysis in patients with overgrowth. It also confirms that the overgrowth is of prenatal onset in those observations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on perfluorooctane sulfonate induced thyroid-disrupting on zebrafish larvae

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and ZnO nanoparticles(nano-ZnO) are widely distributed in the environment.However,the potential toxicity of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO remains to be fully elucidated.The test investigated the effects of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid(HPT) axis in zebrafish.Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a combination of PFOS(0.2,0.4,0.8 mg/L) and nano-ZnO(50 mg/L)from their early stages of life(0–14 days).The whole-body content of TH and the expression of genes and proteins related to the HPT axis were analyzed.The co-exposure decreased the body length and increased the malformation rates compared with exposure to PFOS alone.Co-exposure also increased the triiodothyronine(T3) levels,whereas the thyroxine(T4)content remained unchanged.Compared with the exposure to PFOS alone,exposure to both PFOS(0.8 mg/L) and nano-ZnO(50 mg/L) significantly up-regulated the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor,sodium/iodidesymporter,iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid receptors and significantly down-regulated the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone,thyroglobulin(TG),transthyretin(TTR) and thyroid receptors.The protein expression levels of TG and TTR were also significantly down-regulated in the co-exposure groups.In addition,the expression of the thyroid peroxidase gene was unchanged in all groups.The results demonstrated that PFOS and nano-ZnO co-exposure could cause more serious thyroid-disrupting effects in zebrafish than exposure to PFOS alone.Our results also provide insight into the mechanism of disruption of the thyroid status by PFOS and nano-ZnO.     

ERα和ERβ介导的有机磷农药雌激素效应差异分析

雌激素受体（Estrogen Receptor,ER）ERα和ERβ能与雌激素特异性结合,它们在结构上的差异性可能影响与类雌激素的相互作用,这进而会影响其功能.因此,针对10种有机磷农药对ERα和ERβ的雌激素效应差异,采用分子对接方法比较分析了它们与ERα、ERβ相互作用的差异并筛选出与ERα和ERβ相互作用的最佳结合模式.结果发现,10种有机磷农药分子与ERα配体结合域（Ligand Binding Domain,LBD）精氨酸（Arg394）、赖氨酸（Lys449）、色氨酸（Trp393）形成氢键;而部分农药分子与ERβLBD精氨酸（Arg346）、亮氨酸（Leu343）、赖氨酸（Lys401）形成氢键.有机磷农药配体与ERαLBDArg394、Lys449、苯丙氨酸（Phe445）、脯氨酸（Pro324）、Leu387、谷氨酸（Glu353）、甘氨酸（Gly390）等存在疏水作用,与ERβLBD氨基酸Arg346、Glu305、Leu343、蛋氨酸（Met336）、组氨酸（His279）、丙氨酸（Ala302）等存在疏水作用.采用量子化学从头算进一步分析了10种有机磷农药分子表面静电势的差异.研究发现,有机磷农药分子与ERα和ERβ受体不同的相互作用是导致雌激素效应差异的重要原因.     

基于两种受体模型的太原市大气降尘来源解析及季节变化特征

于2019年11月至2020年12月期间在典型工业城市太原市开展了降尘采样和降尘化学组分分析.采样期间,太原市平均降尘量约为7.9t/(km²·30d),并呈现在4~6月较高.在选取的8个监测区域中,清徐和巨轮的平均降尘量较高,分别为10.7t/(km²·30d)和10.6t/(km²·30d).降尘化学组分质量中地壳元素(Ca、Si、Al)占比较高,巨轮和桃园监测区域的降尘中Fe元素的质量显著高于其他监测区域.将降尘量和化学组分分析结果分别纳入正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)和偏目标转换-正定矩阵分解(PTT-PMF)两种受体模型中对太原市降尘进行了定量来源解析.通过比较两种受体模型的拟合性能和解析的因子谱发现:PTT-PMF受体模型相较于PMF能够更好地区分出降尘中城市扬尘源和建筑尘源这两类相似的尘源.结果表明,太原市降尘主要有六种来源:城市扬尘源(PMF:35%,PTT-PMF:35%)、建筑尘源(PMF:29%,PTT-PMF:28%)、钢铁工业源(PMF:14%,PTT-PMF:14%)、燃煤源(PMF:13%,PTT-PMF:12%)、二次无机盐(PMF:5%,PTT-PMF:6%)、机动车尾气排放源(PMF:4%,PTT-PMF:5%).两种受体模型得到的平均来源贡献结果相似,而建筑尘源和钢铁工业源的季节变化趋势则有一定的差异.粗粒径源类(城市扬尘源和建筑尘源)是太原市降尘的主要来源,两者对降尘的贡献率超过了60%,并在春季贡献率(4~6月)较高.     

New cytochrome P450 1B1, 1C1, 2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K genes from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): Molecular characterization,basal expression and response of rare minnow CYP1s and CYP2s mRNA exposed to the AHR agonist benzo[a]pyrene

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes play an important role in catalyzing oxidative metabolism of toxicants. Recently, CYP1 subfamily were discovered and reported in fish, however, little is known regarding the CYP2 isoforms in fish. In the present study, the cDNA fragments of CYP 1B1 and 1C1 and CYP2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K of rare minnow were cloned and exhibited a high amino acid sequence identity compared with their zebrafish orthologs. Basal expression showed CYP1C1 and CYP 2Aa expression were observed in all eight tissues analyzed (liver, gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, brain, skin, and muscle). CYP 1A, and 1B1 expression was found in all tissues except for muscle and skin. However, CYP 2Y3 was expressed in liver, spleen, intestine and muscle whereas CYP 2 K in liver, kidney and intestine. 4 and 100 μg L⁻¹ Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induced patterns showed that CYP 1A, 1B1 and 1C1 expression in liver, gill, and intestine was strongly up-regulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CYP 2Y3 was strongly induced in liver from BaP treatments (p < 0.05). The high induction on mRNA level of CYP1s and CYP 2Y3 by BaP could be associated with catalyzing detoxification and indicated that CYP2s may also be potential biomarker to screen AHR agonist. The high responsiveness of CYP1 and 2 genes suggested Chinese rare minnow is feasible to screen and assess pollution with AHR agonist.     

有机磷阻燃剂甲状腺干扰效应及其作用机制研究——以磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)为例

以典型有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯（TCPP）为研究对象,应用GH3细胞增殖实验检测TCPP对甲状腺激素的干扰效应;应用重组甲状腺激素受体（TR）基因酵母实验和GH3（TRβ-）细胞增殖实验结合实时定量PCR技术初步探究TCPP甲状腺激素干扰作用机理.结果表明,TCPP在1×10^-4mol/L和2×10^-4mol/L浓度下对甲状腺激素T3诱导的GH3细胞增殖产生抑制效应;重组TR基因酵母实验和GH3（TRβ-）细胞增殖实验测试结果表明TCPP可能通过TR介导的基因组途径和非基因组途径诱导甲状腺激素干扰效应;实时定量PCR测试结果表明TCPP下调相关基因如：c-fos、TRβ、integrin-av和k-ras的mRNA表达,初步认为TCPP可能通过影响TRβ基因表达和激活α_vβ₃-ERK-1/2信号通路产生甲状腺激素干扰效应.     

Prenatal analysis of insulin receptor autophosphorylation in a family with leprechaunism

We describe a method for the isolation and functional characterization of insulin receptors from chorionic villi and cultured amniotic fluid cells. The functionality of these receptors is assayed by measuring the insulin-induced stimulation of autophosphorylation of the receptor β-chain. The method is expected to allow the prenatal diagnosis of those forms of lep-rechaunism and related diseases which are the result of a decreased stimulation by insulin of receptor autophosphorylation. A pregnancy at risk for leprechaunism was examined and an unaffected child was correctly predicted by study of the functionality of the insulin receptor on cultured amniocytes and by echoscopic examination.