芦苇与海三棱藨草中重金属的累积及季节变化

通过分析上海滨岸潮滩芦苇和海三棱藨草根系、茎叶中Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、N的含量，发现Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu在芦苇与海三棱藨草根系、茎叶中含量较高，而Pb、Cr、N含量较低；Mn在芦苇与海三棱藨草茎叶中的含量接近或超过根系中的含量，而Fe在茎叶中的百分含量较少；聚类分析表明，Pb、Cr在芦苇和海三棱藨草体内的迁移能力非常相近，Zn、Cd、Cu也表现出类似的规律；芦苇和海三棱藨草分别在夏季和春季开始大量吸收重金属元素，之后含量降低，冬季时重金属元素在这两种潮滩植物根系和茎叶中再次出现富集。在同一采样断面，除Cr以外，其余重金属元素在海三棱藨草体内的含量明显高于芦苇。     

罗源湾的潮流, 余流特征

根据罗泊湾（包括可门水道）的实测涨流资料，分析得出罗源湾湖流、余流的水平和垂直分布特征。结果表明：（１）罗源湾为强潮流作用的港湾，可门水道冈屿附近海域潮流流速较大，而湾的南部海域潮流较弱。（２）而罗源湾潮流的垂直分布来看，潮流流速中层最大、有层次之、底层最小，但潮流流速的这一垂直分布特征一般只出现在高潮前，后２－４太阴时的时段内。（３）在高、低潮前后，湾顶（特别是西北湾顶）以及可门水道附近海域上、     

TIDAL POWER GENERATION UTILIZING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OR AIR RECIRCULATION1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents research conducted on tidal power generation utilizig atmospheric pressure or air recirculation. The proposed methods in this paper differ from conventional methods. That is, they require simple and relatively inexpensive power generating facilities that would convert the potential energy of the tides into kine tic energy of air for driving the air turbines in a power plant. The characteristics of the new methods are as follows: (1) in tidal power generation utilizing the atmospheric pressure, the air pressure exerted on an air turbine can be maintained at 1 atm regardless of the water head; (2) in tidal power generation utilizing the air recirculation, the air pressure exerted on an air turbine can be made twice as high as the available water head; (3) higher tidal energy conversion efficiency can be obtained by flowing larger quantities of water in a shorter time period; (4) the generating turbines can be located at a convenient place remote from the reservoir; and (5) equipment corrosion due to salt is minimized.     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质。简述了脱离石膏的工业利用，详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理，并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景。     

The importance of considering spatial attributes in evaluating estuarine habitat condition: the South Carolina experience

The South Carolina Estuarine and Coastal Assessment Program (SCECAP) was initiated in 1999 to assess the condition of the state's coastal habitats using multiple measures of water quality, sediment quality, and biological condition. Sampling was subsequently expanded to include components required for the National Coastal Assessment (Coastal 2000) Program. Habitats are classified as either tidal creeks (<#60; 100 meters in width) or larger open water bodies. Approximately 30 sites are sampled within each habitat during the summer months using a probability-based random sampling design. Results obtained from the first two years of sampling documented significant differences in several water quality parameters (DO, salinity, pH, turbidity, fecal coliform bacteria, total nitrogen, TKN, total phosphorus) and biological measures (chlorophyll-a, finfish and crustacean abundance and biomass and a number of benthic species) between the tidal creek and open water habitats. These differences highlight the value of partitioning shallow water habitats separately from the larger open water bodies traditionally sampled in estuarine monitoring programs, especially since tidal creeks serve as critical nursery areas for many species. Based on the differences observed, there is a clear need to identify different physical and biological thresholds for evaluating the condition of each habitat type.     

短舱进气道复合材料声衬声学特性试验研究

目的应用旋转声模态发生试验系统测试无缝复材声衬试验件的传递损失声学特性。方法根据短舱进气道声衬实际应用环境,采用整体环状成型工艺和无缝拼接技术,针对性地设计研制出复合材料制成的环形无缝进气道声衬。利用风扇旋转声模态发生试验系统开展基于旋转径向传声器阵列的管内声模态测试识别方法研究,并发展相应的模态测试装置。结果设计的无缝复材声衬在目标工况下降噪效果良好。结论基于旋转径向传声器阵列可同时识别径向和周向声模态,并显著减小所用传声器总数。     

模拟SO42-沉降对闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地N2O通量的影响

选取闽江口塔礁洲淡水感潮野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia L.)湿地为研究对象,2015年12月—2016年10月,每月小潮日原位定期向实验样地施加2个沉降量水平的硫酸钾溶液:S60(60 kg·hm-2·a-1)和S120(120 kg·hm-2·a-1),运用静态箱-气相色谱法研究模拟硫酸根沉降对河口区淡水感潮湿地N2O通量的影响及主要环境影响因子.对照、S60和S120 3个处理下N2O通量分别为(58.06±23.07)、(23.50±22.85)和(20.75±7.83)μg·m-2·h-1,年尺度上,S120处理显著降低N2O通量(p0.05),S60处理与CK处理差异不显著(p0.05).闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地整体上表现为大气中N2O源.野慈姑湿地N2O排放通量与间隙水盐度呈显著负相关关系.研究表明,对于亚热带河口区淡水感潮野慈姑湿地,施加量为120 kg·hm-2·a-1的模拟硫沉降显著降低其N2O排放通量.     

河口潮滩湿地CH4、CO2排放通量对氮硫负荷增强的响应

以闽江河口区高、中潮滩短叶茳芏湿地为研究对象,于2014年6—11月植物生长季进行氮硫负荷增强实验,利用静态箱-气象色谱法测定土壤CH_4、CO_2排放通量,并同步观测相关环境因子.结果表明,氮硫负荷增强对潮滩湿地CH_4、CO_2排放通量的影响不尽一致.与对照相比,NH_4~+-N输入使高、中潮滩CH4排放通量分别提高了(107.53%,7.19%),使高潮滩CO_2排放通量增加了3.39%,中潮滩减少了3.00%;NO_3~--N输入使高潮滩CH4、CO_2排放通量分别增加了(29.99%,16.99%),使中潮滩分别减少了(3.45%,4.77%);SO_4~(2-)-S输入使高、中潮滩CH4排放通量分别减少了(8.99%,7.67%),使高潮滩CO_2排放通量减少了3.87%,中潮滩增加了5.44%;N-S复合输入使高、中潮滩CH4排放通量分别提高了(72.48%,25.66%),CO_2排放通量提高了(13.32%,13.48%).氮硫负荷增强改变了短叶茳芏沼泽生长季CH_4、CO_2排放通量变化规律,但除了NH+4-N处理对高潮滩CH4通量的影响显著外,其他处理影响均未达到显著性水平.相关分析显示,高、中潮滩湿地CH_4、CO_2排放通量与土壤温度,含水率具有显著的正线性相关关系,与土壤电导率相关性不显著.在全球环境问题日益严重背景下,系统研究湿地生态系统温室气体排放的机制与规律,对于准确估算全球温室气体排放量具有重要而直接的意义.     

基于GA的感潮河流水污染控制多目标优化

文章针对感潮河流水质时空变化的特点,建立了污水处理费用函数、动态水质模型与NSGA-Ⅱ算法相耦合的流域水污染控制多目标优化方法。采用该方法对深圳河流域5个污水处理厂的污染物去除效率进行优化,得到流域污水处理费用与河流上、中、下游控制断面水质潮周期超标率的多目标解集排列图。结果表明:(1)所有控制断面水质超标率都小于50%、25%和0%时,最小处理费用分别为1.92、1.94和1.98亿元/a;(2)上、中、下游控制断面各自的水质超标率为0%时,最小处理费用分别为1.98、1.91和1.90亿元/a。决策者可根据水质管理要求和经济条件在多目标解集排列图中进行方案比选。该方法的应用可为感潮河流水污染控制提供科学依据。     

典型感潮内河涌水质污染特征调查研究

以佛山市容桂街道典型的感潮闸控内河涌为研究对象,进行了连续3个月的水文和水质监测,测试指标包括CODCr、BOD5、总氮、氨氮、总磷及溶解氧等.调查结果显示,内河涌水质总体状况及污染物的浓度随河涌水位发生规律性的变化,在涨落潮和人工闸控水位等不同水位条件下,监测指标的最高浓度是最低浓度的8.3～49.4倍;河涌水体总体...