WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS OF THE HALIFAX RIVER,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: An application of the receiving water block of the EPA Storm Water management Model (SWMM) is presented to quantify water quality impacts and evaluated control alternatives for a 208 areawide waste water management plan in Volusia Country, Florida. The water quality impact analyses were conducted for dry-and wet-weather conditions to simulate dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorides, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the Halifax Rivers, Florida, a 40-kilometer-long tidal estuary located on the Atlantic coast of Florida near Daytona Beach. Dry-weather analysis was performed using conventional 7-day, 10-year low flow conditions to determine a set of unit transfer coefficients which estimate the pollutant concentration transferred to any point in the estuary from a constant unit discharge of pollutants at the existing waste water treatment plant outfall locations. Wet-weather analysis was performed by continuous simulation of a typical three-month summer wet season in Florida. Three-month cumulative duration curves of DO, TN and TP concentrations were constructed to estimate the relative value of controlling urban runoff of waste water treatment plant effluent on the Halifax River. The three-month continuous simulation indicated that the greatest change in DO, TN, and TP duration curves is possible by abatement of waste water treatment plant pollution.     

MODELING THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF A NAVIGATION CHANNEL IN A TIDAL BAY1

ABSTRACT: A circulation and salinity model was used to predict the effects of wind, fresh water inflow, and the construction of a navigation channel on Vermilion Bay, Louisiana. The model numerically solved continuity and motion equations and provided a time history and spatial distribution of tidal depths, flows, velocities, and salinity in two lateral dimensions. The model predicted that high south winds or high fresh water inflow would reduce average bay salinities, as would the construction of a channel through Vermilion Bay. The results suggested the main reason for this behavior is the presence of two bay outlets to the Gulf of Mexico.     

ESTIMATION OF RECHARGE FROM A RESERVOIR USING TWO WATER BUDGET MODELS1

ABSTRACT: Reservoir water levels, observation well data, and meteorological parameters were collected at a recharge dam site in Central Saudi Arabia. This data, along with other information on the reservoir and the underlying aquifer, were used to estimate the amounts of recharge through the reservoir bed by applying two water budget models. The first is a water budget model for the reservoir only, while the second is for an aquifer reach extending upstream and downstream from the reservoir. The results of the two approaches were discussed and compared.     

沿海油田污染物入海通量及优化管理

胜利油田所在的黄河三角洲诸条河流按入海类型分为三种形式：设有防潮闸的感潮河；设有排涝站的入海河；直流入海的感潮河。按照各河流入海段面、流速、流量和水体污染物浓度，建立起各种感潮河污染物入海通量模式，计算结果说明沿海油田排放的石油类污染物入海通量为1456t／a，COD入海量为5720t／a。根据各条入海河流不同功能和污染物入海量，按照国家地表水质标准，制定出入海河流环境组合目标，用总量控制方法提出污染源削减要求，以保证黄河三角洲沿海滩涂环境质量。并以污染物入海通量、河流径流量、污染物自净系数和污染物削减量等因子建立各条河流优化管理模型，为保护环境提供对策。     

黑水河干旱河谷沿程土壤物理参数梯度变化特征研究

横断山区干旱河谷是具有典型的旱季和雨季的特殊气候特征的区域，本区域土壤退化和荒漠化极大制约了区域农业的发展。本文研究了金沙江干热河谷区支流黑水河从源头到河口未扰动土壤的物理参数变化特征。结果表明，沿河土壤物理呈现不同变化趋势，砾石在中游部分河段和河口段高，而〉5mm团聚体的变化则相反；5～1mm的团聚体变化不大；〈1mm团聚体河口和源头段高于其余地段；土壤容重沿程增大，非饱和导水率源头地段土壤最高。本研究初步揭示了干旱河谷土壤不均匀，不同水热条件及其组合可能对退化程度有至关重要的影响。这表明横断山区不同的干旱河谷地段土壤和植被退化途径、退化特征和退化过程不同，开发和治理途径与方式也应当不同。     

三峡入库河流大宁河回水区消落带土壤氨氮释放动力学研究

在室内模拟条件下,通过消落带土壤氨氮释放动力学实验,研究了三峡入库河流大宁河消落带土壤氨氮释放动力学特征,并分析了样品组成特征对释放动力学的影响,结果表明:(1)一级动力学方程可以很好的拟合大宁河回水区消落带土壤样品氨氮释放动力学特征,前120分钟为快反应,氨氮释放速度较大,随后进入慢反应,逐渐达到最大氨氮释放量;(2)土壤样品释放动力学特征与总氮、总磷呈现较好的相关性,与有机质、样品氧化物组成、颗粒组成理化指标相关性较弱;(3)土壤样品释放动力学特征与可转化态氮呈现极显著正相关关系,与非可转化态氮的相关性较弱,这说明样品中氨氮的释放量主要受其可转化态氮含量控制。研究结果可为三峡库区支流大宁河回水区富营养化治理提供参考和理论依据。     

感潮河段水环境容量总量控制方案的研究

以西江干流南海段为例,建立了考虑横向扩散的二维非恒定对流扩散水质模型。根据感潮河流水环境容量的特点,确定求解容量的因素。在此基础上,用线性规划法来求解研究河段水环境容量,并提出了相应的水环境规划方案。结果表明,该河段还有大量的COD容量剩余,可根据产业结构及工业布局调整的需要,在保证区域内总量控制目标实现的前提下,在西江沿岸适当配置一些有废水排放的建设项目。     

三峡入库河流大宁河回水区沉积物和消落带土壤磷形态及其分布特征研究

应用淡水沉积物中磷形态的标准测试程序（SMT）对三峡入库河流大宁河回水区表层沉积物、消落带土壤不同形态P进行了分级测定,分析了各形态磷之间以及各形态磷与样品理化性质如有机质、主要氧化物组成之间的相关性.结果表明,沉积物总磷含量在483.4～848.4 mg/kg之间,平均为569.0 mg/kg,与长江中下游浅水湖泊表层沉积物总磷含量相比,大宁河回水区表层沉积物TP含量处于中下游水平,而消落带土壤中总磷含量在488.9～1 487.7 mg/kg之间,平均含量为813.3 mg/kg,远远高于沉积物样品总磷含量,显示了人类活动对消落带土壤P含量的影响.各种形态P在河流沉积物与岸边消落带土壤中分布特点不同: ① 河流沉积物中IP/TP（平均值55.7%）略高于消落带土壤（平均值49.4%）;② 河流沉积物中IP以Ca-P为主（平均比例为83.5%）, Fe/Al-P占IP比例仅为15%;消落带土壤Ca-P占IP平均比例为73.9%, 而Fe/Al-P占IP比例上升至22%;③ 河流沉积物中活性磷组分（OP+Fe/Al-P）平均含量为261.8 mg/kg,在TP中所占比例平均值为49%,而消落带土壤活性磷组分（OP+Fe/Al-P）平均含量为405.7 mg/kg,在TP中所占比例平均达到54%.消落带土壤中活性磷组分在适宜的环境条件下会成为水体的二次污染源,因此消落带土壤P对水体富营养化的潜在影响不容忽视.     

秋季黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征及影响因素研究

2009年秋季(9、10月),运用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统的CH4排放通量进行了观测,并对影响CH4通量特征的关键因子进行了识别.结果表明,在空间上,秋季高潮滩、中潮滩、低潮滩和光滩的CH4通量范围分别为-0.206～1.264、-0.197～0.431、-0.125～0.659、-0.742～1.767 mg.(m2.h)-1,均值为0.089、0.038、0.197和0.169mg.(m2.h)-1,均表现为CH4排放源,但源功能整体表现为低潮滩>光滩>高潮滩>中潮滩;在时间上,9、10月的CH4排放通量范围分别为-0.444～1.767、-0.742～1.264 mg.(m2.h)-1,均值为0.218、0.028 mg.(m2.h)-1,除9月高潮滩表现为CH4弱汇外,其它潮滩的CH4通量均明显高于10月.研究发现,黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地环境因素变化比较复杂,CH4排放通量受多重因素控制.不同潮滩湿地在9、10月CH4排放通量的差异可能主要与温度(特别是气温)以及植被生长状况的差异有关,而水盐条件和潮汐状况对潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征的影响也不容忽视.     

延迟焦化含硫污水处理技术

对中国石化洛阳分公司焦化含硫污水存在污水乳化、污水波动量大、污水油含量高、接触冷却塔顶油气分离罐界位计不好用等问题的原因,进行了充分调研分析,并和设计单位结合,采用了先进的含硫污水集成处理系统对装置进行了改造,重点为接触冷却塔加高增设6层塔盘、增设了1000m^3的含硫污水罐、罐内设内罐并采用水力旋液分离、浮油自动收集排油组合装置（罐中罐）,将过去敞开式、功能单一的除油、均质、调节池（或罐）组合为装置化、密闭化、自动化的工艺和设备,改造后污水排放油含量由改造前的几千mg／L降至300mg／L,水质明显改善,同时回收了油品,降低了原油加工损失率,具有良好的经济和社会效益。