潮滩生态特征及开发利用模式——以江苏大丰潮滩研究为例

根据自然地理、海洋动力、生物等特征!本文研究受大河作用的大丰潮滩地貌、沉积过程,讨论老黄河和长江对该潮滩发育的影响和潮滩生物群落空间分布及演变规律。本文评价了大丰潮滩开发利用现状,分析了它们的经济效益和环境效益,提出把目前受到强烈改造、过度利用的模式改变为顺应潮滩自然演变、有步骤合理开发利用潮滩的模式。     

溢油应急系统中的潮流快速预报

本文针对海上溢油动态预报可视系统中潮流场的预报提供了一种简便、快捷的预报方法。首先按潮流数值模拟计算出连续１５个周日各网格结点处整点时刻潮流的东、北分量、进而求出各结点的潮流调和常数。在溢油预报时，可用此调和常数迅速算出实时潮流场而不必进行数值计算，提高预报实效。经辽东湾海区试用表明，该方法可靠，快捷，特别适用于微机预报系统。     

感潮河网水环境容量数值计算

对感潮河网水环境容量和污染物允许排放量的概念进行了分析，考虑了感潮河网水环境容量的时空动态变化及其影响因素，提出了基于感潮河网水质模型的水环境容量数值计算方法。该方法不公反映了感潮河网地区水流运动复杂、流态不稳定、流向多变的特点，而且反映了感８潮河网水环境容量受边界水质变化、河段水质目标不一致、水利工程运行等多种因素影响下的时空变化规律，该方法经过实例计算验证，效果良好。     

芦苇与海三棱藨草中重金属的累积及季节变化

通过分析上海滨岸潮滩芦苇和海三棱藨草根系、茎叶中Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、N的含量，发现Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu在芦苇与海三棱藨草根系、茎叶中含量较高，而Pb、Cr、N含量较低；Mn在芦苇与海三棱藨草茎叶中的含量接近或超过根系中的含量，而Fe在茎叶中的百分含量较少；聚类分析表明，Pb、Cr在芦苇和海三棱藨草体内的迁移能力非常相近，Zn、Cd、Cu也表现出类似的规律；芦苇和海三棱藨草分别在夏季和春季开始大量吸收重金属元素，之后含量降低，冬季时重金属元素在这两种潮滩植物根系和茎叶中再次出现富集。在同一采样断面，除Cr以外，其余重金属元素在海三棱藨草体内的含量明显高于芦苇。     

罗源湾的潮流, 余流特征

根据罗泊湾（包括可门水道）的实测涨流资料，分析得出罗源湾湖流、余流的水平和垂直分布特征。结果表明：（１）罗源湾为强潮流作用的港湾，可门水道冈屿附近海域潮流流速较大，而湾的南部海域潮流较弱。（２）而罗源湾潮流的垂直分布来看，潮流流速中层最大、有层次之、底层最小，但潮流流速的这一垂直分布特征一般只出现在高潮前，后２－４太阴时的时段内。（３）在高、低潮前后，湾顶（特别是西北湾顶）以及可门水道附近海域上、     

TIDAL POWER GENERATION UTILIZING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OR AIR RECIRCULATION1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents research conducted on tidal power generation utilizig atmospheric pressure or air recirculation. The proposed methods in this paper differ from conventional methods. That is, they require simple and relatively inexpensive power generating facilities that would convert the potential energy of the tides into kine tic energy of air for driving the air turbines in a power plant. The characteristics of the new methods are as follows: (1) in tidal power generation utilizing the atmospheric pressure, the air pressure exerted on an air turbine can be maintained at 1 atm regardless of the water head; (2) in tidal power generation utilizing the air recirculation, the air pressure exerted on an air turbine can be made twice as high as the available water head; (3) higher tidal energy conversion efficiency can be obtained by flowing larger quantities of water in a shorter time period; (4) the generating turbines can be located at a convenient place remote from the reservoir; and (5) equipment corrosion due to salt is minimized.     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质。简述了脱离石膏的工业利用，详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理，并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景。     

The importance of considering spatial attributes in evaluating estuarine habitat condition: the South Carolina experience

The South Carolina Estuarine and Coastal Assessment Program (SCECAP) was initiated in 1999 to assess the condition of the state's coastal habitats using multiple measures of water quality, sediment quality, and biological condition. Sampling was subsequently expanded to include components required for the National Coastal Assessment (Coastal 2000) Program. Habitats are classified as either tidal creeks (<#60; 100 meters in width) or larger open water bodies. Approximately 30 sites are sampled within each habitat during the summer months using a probability-based random sampling design. Results obtained from the first two years of sampling documented significant differences in several water quality parameters (DO, salinity, pH, turbidity, fecal coliform bacteria, total nitrogen, TKN, total phosphorus) and biological measures (chlorophyll-a, finfish and crustacean abundance and biomass and a number of benthic species) between the tidal creek and open water habitats. These differences highlight the value of partitioning shallow water habitats separately from the larger open water bodies traditionally sampled in estuarine monitoring programs, especially since tidal creeks serve as critical nursery areas for many species. Based on the differences observed, there is a clear need to identify different physical and biological thresholds for evaluating the condition of each habitat type.     

模拟SO42-沉降对闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地N2O通量的影响

选取闽江口塔礁洲淡水感潮野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia L.)湿地为研究对象,2015年12月—2016年10月,每月小潮日原位定期向实验样地施加2个沉降量水平的硫酸钾溶液:S60(60 kg·hm-2·a-1)和S120(120 kg·hm-2·a-1),运用静态箱-气相色谱法研究模拟硫酸根沉降对河口区淡水感潮湿地N2O通量的影响及主要环境影响因子.对照、S60和S120 3个处理下N2O通量分别为(58.06±23.07)、(23.50±22.85)和(20.75±7.83)μg·m-2·h-1,年尺度上,S120处理显著降低N2O通量(p0.05),S60处理与CK处理差异不显著(p0.05).闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地整体上表现为大气中N2O源.野慈姑湿地N2O排放通量与间隙水盐度呈显著负相关关系.研究表明,对于亚热带河口区淡水感潮野慈姑湿地,施加量为120 kg·hm-2·a-1的模拟硫沉降显著降低其N2O排放通量.     

浑河中游沈阳区域水污染控制与治理的难点和关键技术——“浑河中游水污染控制与水环境综合整治技术集成与示范”专栏序言

针对浑河中游沈阳区域工业园区难生物降解制药废水处理、污泥处理处置、城市河流水环境的湿地净化,以及水环境评价和污染源解析等问题,国家科技重大水专项浑河中游课题开展了大量研究.为了提高制药园区废水可生化性、优选物化预处理工艺技术,选取典型污染物乙酰氨基酚作为处理对象,研究其物化预处理过程中的转化规律与机理;针对污泥安全处理处置和资源化利用难题,研发生物干化技术和利用沸石减少温室气体排放和氮素损失的技术;针对复合型人工湿地效率提升需求,研究潮汐流-潜流组合工艺系统中不同单元的菌群功能特征;为科学制定河流治理技术策略,研究形成主成分分析、聚类分析、三维荧光光谱等河流水环境特色研究方法,并在其他流域如武水河进行应用.这些技术难点和关键技术研究,不仅支持了浑河中游水污染控制与治理,也可为当前流域区域水环境治理提供借鉴.