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121.
Mark E. Hines 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):523-536
Microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of transformations that occur in surficial sediments. They are most active at
redox boundaries where they can benefit from access to various oxidants and reductants generated during redox cycling events.
To illustrate the dynamics of microbially mediated processes, especially those involving sulfur and metal cycles, processes
were compared in habitats either bioturbated by a capitellid worm or inhabited by a salt marsh grass. The presence of macrofauna
and macroflora greatly altered the three-dimensional array of redox gradients in sediments, but the type and form of reductants
and oxidants provided varied greatly; clastic sedimentary infauna subducted solid phase organic material and iron oxides,
whereas plant roots released dissolved organic matter and oxygen. These differences resulted in a bioturbated system that
exhibited a rapid sulfur cycle (residence time of minutes), but a slower iron cycle (days), whereas vegetation caused a slow
sulfur cycle and rapid iron cycle. Alteration of sediments by higher life forms also greatly affected the composition and
relative abundances of sedimentary bacteria, even on short time scales. Although redox cycling at interfaces can be somewhat
predictable, variations in response to biological and physical perturbations demonstrated wide differences in the dynamics
of redox-mediated processes. 相似文献
122.
Many marshes in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA, are managed through a combination of fall or winter burning and structural
marsh management (i.e., levees and water control structures; hereafter SMM). The goals of winter burning and SMM include improvement
of waterfowl and furbearer habitat, maintenance of historic isohaline lines, and creation and maintenance of emergent wetlands.
Although management practices are intended to influence the plant community, effects of these practices on primary productivity
have not been investigated. Marsh processes, such as vertical accretion and nutrient cycles, which depend on primary productivity
may be affected directly or indirectly by winter burning or SMM. We compared Chenier Plain plant community characteristics
(species composition and above- and belowground biomass) in experimentally burned and unburned control plots within impounded
and unimpounded marshes at 7 months (1996), 19 months (1997), and 31 months (1998) after burning. Burning and SMM did not
affect number of plant species or species composition in our experiment. For all three years combined, burned plots had higher
live above-ground biomass than did unburned plots. Total above-ground and dead above-ground biomasses were reduced in burned
plots for two and three years, respectively, compared to those in unburned control plots. During all three years, belowground
biomass was lower in impounded than in unimpounded marshes but did not differ between burn treatments. Our results clearly
indicate that current marsh management practices influence marsh primary productivity and may impact other marsh processes,
such as vertical accretion, that are dependent on organic matter accumulation and decay. 相似文献
123.
世界经济掀起绿色浪潮国际环保市场充满商机 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文介绍了发达国家绿色产业发展的现状及趋势,预示绿色产业在国际环保市场的领先潮流。我国要顺应这绿色潮流,提高我国环保产业在国际市场上的竞争力。 相似文献
124.
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126.
黑龙江省近50年来沼泽湿地退缩特征及其原因分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在RS和GIS的支持下,综合集成1954年地形图和2000年TM影像重建黑龙江省1954~2000年沼泽湿地的空间信息矢量数据,结合斑块质心变化模型、景观参数和欧几里德最短距离函数,分析黑龙江省沼泽湿地退缩的区域分异特征,进一步从人类活动对沼泽退缩的影响的角度探讨沼泽退缩的原因。研究结果表明:黑龙江省近50年来,沼泽湿地面积急剧减少,由791.4×104hm2减少到303.5×104hm2;沼泽景观趋于破碎化;退缩的焦点区域主要集中在三江平原、大小兴安岭和松嫩平原。导致湿地退缩的人文原因主要包括三个方面:人口增加和耕地的不断开垦,国家建设国营农场的农业发展政策,与主要公路的空间区位关系。 相似文献
127.
闽江河口互花米草与短叶茳芏湿地土壤无机硫形态分布特征及其影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选择闽江口鳝鱼滩不同淹水环境下两条样带(A样带,远离主潮沟且退潮后无积水;B样带,靠近主潮沟且退潮后有积水)上的短叶茳芏湿地和已被互花米草入侵(入侵前为短叶茳芏湿地)的互花米草湿地为研究对象,探讨不同类型湿地土壤无机硫赋存形态的分布特征及其主控因素.结果表明,B样带上互花米草湿地和短叶茳芏湿地土壤中的水溶性硫(H_2O-S)和吸附性硫(Adsorbed-S)含量总体上低于A样带,而盐酸可溶性硫(HCl-Soluble-S)和盐酸挥发性硫(HCl-Volatile-S)含量则高于A样带.短叶茳芏湿地和互米草湿地土壤中不同形态无机硫的含量在两条样带上整体均表现为HCl-Soluble-SH_2O-SAdsorbed-SHCl-Volatile-S,且二者的总无机硫含量分别占其TS含量的9.02%~15.50%和8.04%~12.73%.与短叶茳芏湿地相比,互花米草入侵分别使A样带土壤中H_2O-S、Adsorbed-S、HCl-Soluble-S、HCl-Volatile-S和总无机硫含量减少了35.2%、36.4%、16.8%、1.8%和26.12%;但使B样带表层土壤的总无机硫含量及0~20 cm土层的HCl-Soluble-S和HCl-Volatile-S含量分别增加了8.34%、15.34%和5.71%.研究发现,非长期淹水条件下,互花米草入侵后可降低湿地土壤有效硫的供给能力;长期淹水条件下,互花米草入侵可通过提高土壤中HCl-Soluble-S的含量增加金属硫化物沉淀,而挥发性硫含量的同步增加则可能对植被生长(特别是根系发育)产生不利影响. 相似文献
128.
基于2011年7月藻类培养实验期间的实测数据,研究了强壮前沟藻生消过程中水体的散射特性.结果表明,强壮前沟藻本次培养周期共21d,前15 d为生长期,之后进入消亡期;生消过程中水体散射光谱变化明显,叶绿素浓度较低时,散射系数随波长增加近似呈幂函数衰减,而叶绿素浓度较高时,蓝绿光波段散射系数随波长增加呈现近似线性增大趋势,红光波段叶绿素强吸收造成的散射谷更明显;生长期和消亡期时,散射系数与叶绿素浓度幂函数回归的可决系数均随波长增加逐渐增大,750 nm波段达到最大值,R2分别为0.95、0.97;生长期时,蓝光波段散射占总散射量的比例逐渐减小,而红光波段逐渐增大,绿光波段变化较小,但基本呈现增大趋势,水色由蓝绿色逐渐变为红褐色,消亡期时,恰恰相反;生长期和消亡期的绿蓝、红蓝、红绿波段散射比与叶绿素浓度均存在正相关关系,说明随叶绿素浓度增加水色逐渐趋近于长波颜色. 相似文献
129.
130.
ZHAO Guangying LIU Jingshuang WANG Yang DOU Jingxin DONG Xiaoyong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1393-1399
An experiments were carried out with treatments di ering in nitrogen supply (0, 5 and 15 g N/m2) and CO2 levels (350 and 700
mol/mol) using OTC (open top chamber) equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon
contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude
of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO2 concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6%
during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground
biomass due to CO2 elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses
of biomass to enhanced CO2 concentrations are di ered in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground
biomass were greater under high level of N supply (15 g N/m2). Elevated CO2 concentration also increased the allocation of biomass
and carbon in root. Under elevated CO2 concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active
soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon (10.6%) > dissolved organic carbon (7.5%) > labile oxidable carbon
(6.6%) > carbohydrate carbon (4.1%). Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon
contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be
correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased
biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO2 concentration. 相似文献