江蓠对赤潮消亡及主要水质指标的影响

跟踪监测八尺门海区赤潮的消亡过程并在室内和海区进行实验，研究江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)对赤潮的消亡和水质的影响。结果表明，江蓠可以加速中肋骨条藻赤潮的消亡，避免赤潮消亡后水体出现缺氧状态，减轻赤潮对环境的损害。采用室内模拟的办法，可以了解海区赤潮的发展趋势及赤潮消亡过程中溶解氧的浓度变化情况，为控制赤潮提供科学依据。     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply on biomass and active carbon of freshwater marsh after two growing seasons in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

An experiments were carried out with treatments differing in nitrogen supply (0, 5 and 15 g N/m²) and CO₂ levels (350 and 700 μmol/mol) using OTC (open top chamber) equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO₂ concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO₂ concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6% during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground biomass due to CO₂ elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses of biomass to enhanced CO₂ concentrations are differed in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were greater under high level of N supply (15 g N/m²). Elevated CO₂ concentration also increased the allocation of biomass and carbon in root. Under elevated CO₂ concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon (10.6%) > dissolved organic carbon (7.5%) > labile oxidable carbon (6.6%) > carbohydrate carbon (4.1%). Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO₂ concentration.     

舟山海域具齿原甲藻赤潮初探

通过 2 0 0 1年 5月对舟山海域赤潮区的一次综合性调查 ,对赤潮生物、及其与各个环境要素进行了相关分析。结果表明 :本次赤潮生物是具齿原甲藻 (Prorocentrumdantatum) ;赤潮的发生主要与舟山海域特有的水文气象条件、潮流、营养盐等因子密切相关 ;赤潮生物的数量与表层水体中的DO、pH呈很好的正相关 ,与无机氮呈负相关 ;该赤潮以无机氮为营养盐主导因子 ,并且NH4 是赤潮生物吸收无机氮的主要形式。     

不同水分条件沼泽湿地土壤轻组有机碳与微生物活性动态

通过野外实验与室内分析,对三江平原生长季内毛果苔草(Carex lasiocapa)沼泽湿地生物量及0~20cm土壤不同有机碳组分进行观测,分析了不同水分条件下毛果苔草湿地土壤轻组有机碳(LFOC)与微生物量碳(MBC)的变化动态.结果表明,随水位增加毛果苔草群落地上生物量积累明显,与10~20cm积水条件相比,17~30cm水位状况下湿地土壤具有较高的轻组有机质含量与比例.生长季初期冻融过程提高了土壤轻组分(LF)有机碳含量与LFOC含量,之后随植物生长毛果苔草沼泽湿地土壤重组有机碳(HFOC)含量增长快于LFOC,说明毛果苔草沼泽湿地土壤具有较高的重组有机质持有能力.此外不同水位条件下毛果苔草沼泽湿地微生物活性受到土壤有机碳含量影响不同,低水位条件下微生物量碳与SOC呈显著正相关关系(R2=0.859),17~30cm水位条件下二者关系不显著,并且高水位毛果苔草沼泽湿地具有较低的MBC与微生物熵,表明该条件下土壤碳库具有较高的稳定性.     

赤潮监测技术的现状与发展

赤潮监测是对赤潮进行研究和实施管理控制的重要环节,通过监测获取重要信息,为赤潮研究提供重要资料,也是赤潮预测、预报和减灾的依据。本文介绍了中国赤潮监测技术的三个发展阶段,赤潮监测技术方法及其两个发展方向。目前我国赤潮监测技术基础比较薄弱,今后利用遥感等先进技术、完善赤潮应急监测系统,将大大加强赤潮监测力度,急时跟踪赤潮发生状况。     

基于人工神经网络的夜光藻密度预测模型

利用人工神经网络 BP算法 ,对各种理化因子与赤潮中夜光藻密度建立了人工神经网络预报模型 ,并利用该模型对各种理化因子与夜光藻密度的非线性对应规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,模型较好地反映了存在的对应规律     

大亚湾五角多甲藻赤潮发生的环境因素分析

根据现场监测资料 ,分析 2 0 0 0年 5月 4～ 19日在大亚湾澳头海域发生的五角多甲藻 (Protoperidiniumquinquecorne)赤潮的环境因素。结果表明 :海水温度急升和盐度的骤降是赤潮发生的刺激因素 ;由风引起赤潮生物细胞的物理聚集是赤潮发生的重要条件 ;五角多甲藻对各种营养盐都有明显的需求 ,而对无机氮的需求则以吸收NO3 - N为主 ;赤潮初期拟菱型藻可伴随其迅速繁殖 ,而到后期则存在明显竞争作用 ,拟菱型藻细胞的繁殖受到了抑制。     

广州感潮河段西航道水源水体富营养化限制因素的研究

随着城区的不断扩大，广州市饮用水源地水质日益变差，部分潮汐水体曾经出现富营养化的现象，控制污染，保护水源的饮用水安全已经越来越迫切。文章通过现场水体水样的氮、磷实验，找出水体富营养化的限制因素，为控制水污染提供有效的科学依据。     

青岛奥帆赛场及邻近海域赤潮防治行动

为保障2008年青岛奥帆赛及其测试赛的正常进行,青岛市政府适时启动了青岛奥帆赛场及邻近海域赤潮防治行动项目。行动内容包括四大部分,一是开展针对性监测,找出青岛近海赤潮多发的主要影响因素;二是建设并运行赤潮监测预警体系;三是建设并运行赤潮应急消除系统;四是制定赤潮应急反应预案。本文简要介绍了青岛奥帆赛场及邻近海域赤潮防治行动项目建设主要目标、内容及预期效益。     

Contribution of winter fluxes to the annual CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions from freshwater marshes in the Sanjiang Plain

Introduction C arbon dioxide, m ethane and nitrous oxide play im portant roles in the radiation balance of the earth contributing to the greenhouse effect (Rodhe, 1990). N 2O also takes part in the destruction of stratospheric ozone (W ang, 1999). N atura…