采用正交实验优化湿热法处理厨余垃圾的工艺条件

实验采用3因素3水平的正交实验设计方法,研究了湿热法处理厨余垃圾并使其饲料化的加工工艺中,时间、温度、加水量对厨余垃圾饲用价值的影响,选取粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和盐分为评价指标,确定反应的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明,反应的最佳工艺条件为温度100℃、加水量50%、反应时间30 min.     

不同管材水管与静态自来水水质间的相互影响

对比了铝塑复合管(PAP)、铜管、不锈钢管和镀锌铁管对静态自来水的总有机碳(TOC)、溶解氧(DO)、浊度、细菌总数和大肠菌群等水质指标的影响。实验结果表明,铜管对自来水水质指标影响最小,且具有良好的卫生性能。同时,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)的观察,对比分析了铜管和铝塑复合管在浸泡实验前后其内表面形态特征的变化,结果显示自来水中浸泡10个月以后,铜管内表面密集地分布着块状的孔雀石晶体,而铝塑复合管内表面已严重变形,产生很多褶皱。     

多隔室厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）的水力特性试验研究

对ABR反应器的水力流态进行了示踪剂试验，分析了特征截面面积对ABR水力特性的影响，采用停留时间分布（RTD）法研究了不同进水COD浓度和HRT条件下ABR反应器的水力特性，结果表明：不同进水COD浓度时ABR反应器的RTD曲线相似，表明进水COD浓度不是影响ABR水力特性的主要因素；不同HRT条件下RTD曲线差异很大，表明HRT对ABR的水力特性影响较大，随着水力停留时间的延长，Ⅳ值增大，1／Pe减小，ABR的流态趋于推流流态，随着HRT的缩短，Ⅳ值减小，1／Pe数增大，ABR反应器趋于完全混合流态。     

Effect of arsenic and mercury speciation on inhibition of respiration rate in activated sludge systems

The inhibition effect of arsenite, As(III), arsenate, As(V), inorganic mercury, Hg(II) and methylmercury, MeHg, on the respiration rate of activated heterotrophic sludge microorganisms was evaluated. As(III) and MeHg were much more toxic to activated sludge than As(V) and Hg(II) respectively. The effect of various experimental parameters on the toxicity, such as sludge age, concentration of suspended solids and exposure time, was investigated. An increase of sludge age or the concentration of suspended solids reduces the observed inhibition. Longer exposure seems to dramatically increase the inhibition of As(III), MeHg and Hg(II) during the first hours of exposure, while the later inhibition increases at a slower rate. On the contrary, in the presence of As(V), 24 hours after exposure, the respiration rate was similar to that of the control biomass.     

CAST工艺曝气时间的实验研究

结合姜堰市城市生活污水处理厂的设计，在CAS工艺中，进行了曝气时间对COD和NH3-N去除率影响的探讨。实验研究表明，延长曝气时间对于COD和NH3-N的去除是有利的，曝气时间控制在3h较为适宜。     

Humic substances shorten human plasma prothrombin time

The prothrombin time of the normal human pooled plasma was shortened by Aldrich humic acid well water humic substances and lignin at final concentrations ranging from 5 × 10^–3 mg mL^–1 to 5 × 10^–2 mg mL^–1, with a maxmum effect at 1 × 10^–2 mg mL^–1. At this concentration the shortening was 5.5 s, 4.4 s, and 3.5 s by Aldrich humic acid, well water humic substances and lignin respectively. However, monomeric components of humic acid such as syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, pyrogallol, vanillic acid, gallic acid, resorcinol, ferulic acid, catechol, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid did not have such ability to shorten prothrombin time at the same final concentration ranges. Certain reducing agents such as t-butanol (2.5 × 10^– –2.0 × 10^–2 mg mL^–1), glutathione (8.0 × 10^–2–1 .0 mg mL^–1), ascorbic acid (4.2 × 10^–2–5.0 × 10^–1 mg mL^–1) and dithiothreitol (1.0 × 10^–2–1.7 × 10^–1mg mL^–1) could prevent the shortening effects of humic substances or lignin on prothrombin time. These results suggested that humic substances and lignin with a polymerised structure had an ability to affect activities of some blood coagulating enzymes.     

On thresholds and environmental curve tensiometers

This paper considers distinctions between lognormal and mixture models. Emphasis is placed on two component mixtures where the lower valued subpopulation has a large mixing parameter. The density of this sort of mixture can be easily mistaken for a lognormal density. In order to compare such a mixture to a lognormal it is demonstrated that Galton's two parameter logmodel and Pearson's five parameternormal mixture are special, or limiting, cases of the same general mixture model. Consideration is given to the lognormal threshold parameter in order to devise a tool that can help distinguish mixtures from lognormals. Based on the threshold parameter, piloted procedures can help measure whether or not a curve is friable, in the sense that a brittle curve is better represented as a mixture than as a skewed lognormal. It is also shown that generalizations of Galton's product risk model can be represented interms of the threshold parameter Based on a tool called a curve tensiometer was designed to be applied as a graphical friability check in the ecological context of Fisher's classic Iris data and in the environmental context of a Santa Monica Bay fish consumption study.     

尿素湿法烟气脱硫动力学研究

通过对尿素湿法烟气脱硫过程动力学的研究,确定其反应级数及反应速率常数.结果表明,尿素湿法烟气脱硫过程在20℃～100℃的范围内是零级反应过程,且升高温度有利于提高烟气脱硫速率.     

羟基聚合氯化铝铁溶液的形态分布特征

采用改进的Ａｌ＝Ｆｅ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法定量研究了ＨＰＡＦＣ的形态分布，结合酸解聚实验和酸反一实验结果，综述了其形态分布特征，在碱化度Ｂ为１．０～２．０内，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝９：１时，单体和二聚体（Ａｌ＋Ｆｅ）达２０％～６０％，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝５：５时达３０％～５０％，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝９：１时，中间多在络合物（Ａｌ／ｎＦｅ＝５：５时达５％～２０％，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝９：１时，溶胶（Ａｌ＋Ｆｅ）     

霍林河中游径流量序列的多时间尺度特征及其效应分析

霍林河是松嫩平原西部地区科尔沁、向海和查干湖湿地的重要补给水源。通过对其中游白云胡硕水文测站46a的年径流量序列的多时间尺度分析,探讨霍林河径流演变的近似周期性,识别霍林河径流变化对其下游洪泛湿地水源补给的规律,以及这种规律控制下的洪泛湿地环境演变。小波分析表明,霍林河白云胡硕水文站年径流序列主要存在3个尺度的周期变化,不同时间尺度下周期信号的强弱在时频域中的分布具有较强的局部特征,以大于30a尺度的年代际周期变化起主导作用,该尺度下,霍林河径流演变呈现出丰、枯、丰的交替振荡,下游洪泛湿地景观演变相应表现出阶段性特征,1990年代以前尤为突出。能量相对较弱的中、小时间尺度径流量周期性变化,与强烈的人类干扰活动相比,对下游洪泛湿地环境演变的作用效果不明显,突出表现在1990年代以后。