低温等离子体活化接枝以提高热解炭吸附效能的研究

通过等离子体改性和接枝提高热解炭的吸附性能,同时探讨了改性热解炭的延时性和接枝率对于其吸附性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对热解炭、活化热解炭以及活化接枝热解炭的表面结构加以研究。实验结果表明,等离子体改性后的热解炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能有一定提高,但存在延时性问题,接枝丙烯酸后热解炭的吸附性能进一步提高。在等离子体活化后的1.5~2 h,接枝率为10%~15%时,活化接枝热解炭的吸附性能达到最佳。     

Heavy metal pollution in soil and plants at bone char site

This study determined the heavy metal concentration in soil and plants at a bone char site in Umuahia, Nigeria. Soil and plant samples collected in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) were analyzed for zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As). The concentration of metals in soil and plants in the vicinity of the bone char site are as follows: Zn (172?mg?kg^?1) and Ni (0.62?mg?kg^?1) in soil were highest at site P₃, Pb (2.37?mg?kg^?1) and As (0.08?mg?kg^?1) at site P₁, and Cd (18.30?mg?kg^?1) at site P₂. In plants, the concentrations of Zn (41.17?mg?kg^?1) and Cd (3?mg?kg^?1) were highest in Albizia ferruginea, Ni in Dialium guineense (0.09?mg?kg^?1), while Pb was in D. guineense (0.08?mg?kg^?1) and Spathodea companulata (0.06?mg?kg^?1). The levels of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and As in soil ranged from 11.2 to 172, 2.68 to 18.2, 0.026 to 2.37, 0.33 to 0.62, and 0.02 to 0.08?mg?kg^?1, respectively. In plants, the concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni ranged from 2.01 to 41.17, 0.12 to 3, 0.02 to 0.08, and 0.03 to 0.09?mg?kg^?1, respectively. There were significant correlations between Zn and Cd, and Pb and As in soil. The high concentration of Cd in soil might affect soil productivity.     

生产者责任延伸制度EPR下废旧轮胎循环利用研究

技术和制度是资源循环利用中的两大关键点。为了提高资源循环利用率,做好这两点缺一不可。目前,我国在废旧轮胎的回收和利用制度方面尚不完善,需要出台相关的法律法规从源头上规范废旧轮胎再生利用的各个环节,生产者责任延伸制度EPR即是其中重要一环。重点介绍了发达国家和地区在废旧轮胎循环利用中的一些经验,并对我国在废旧轮胎管理制度上提出建议。     

Scrap tires to crumb rubber: feasibility analysis for processing facilities

Crumb rubber can be produced from scrap tires in a wide range of particle sizes and quality levels. Ideally, the revenue stream includes tipping fees paid to receive the raw materials; sales of variously-sized crumb products to different end-user markets; and potential sales of scrap metal and fiber contained within the tires. General demand has been increasing, and submarkets for crumb products are growing in size and variety. However, the optimistic expectations of potential investors and government agencies contrast sharply with the experiences of many current and former producers. Production planning and operation is complex, real-dollar crumb prices have fallen, and many producers recount difficulties finding stable markets and competing against newer, state-subsidized competitors. This paper examines the engineering economics of crumb rubber facilities. Following a literature review and interviews with producers, a financial model of a nominal processing operation was created to aid the analysis of different market, crumb size, and production scenarios. The profitability of a crumb facility appears to be particularly sensitive to crumb rubber prices, operating costs, and raw material availability. Better analysis of market and production impacts on financial viability for proposed processing facilities would aid overall market efficiency.     

废旧轮胎回收利用技术及其应用前景

对废旧轮胎的各种回收利用技术进行了介绍,废旧轮胎的回收利用方法很多,其中有直接利用方法,包括翻新、用于建筑材料、原形改制等;还有间接利用方法,包括生产再生胶、胶粉、热利用、热裂解等。在此基础上,对我国废旧轮胎回收利用方面存在的问题进行了分析并提出了相应的发展建议。     

Exploring relationships between microscopic kinetic parameters of tires under normal driving conditions,road characteristics and accident types

IntroductionFreeway accidents are a leading cause of death in China, which also triggers substantial economic loss and an emotional burden to society. However, the internal mechanism of how microscopic kinetic parameters of vehicles influenced by road characteristics determine the occurrence of different types of accidents has not been explicitly studied. This research aimed to explore the “link role” of tire microscopic kinetic parameters in road characteristic variables and traffic accidents to aid in facilitating the traffic design and management, and thus to prevent traffic accident. Method: A mountain freeway in Zhejiang Province, China was used as the research object and the data used in this paper were obtained through a real-time vehicle experiment. Multiple estimation models, including the standard ordered logit (SOL) model, fixed parameters logit (FPL) model, and random parameters logit (RPL) model were established. Results: The findings show that road characteristics will affect the longitudinal kinetic characteristics of the vehicle and, consequently, map the level of risk of rear-end accidents. Driving compensation effects were also identified in this paper (i.e., the drivers tend to be more cautious in complicated driving circumstances). Another finding relating to the mountain freeway is that different tunnel characteristics (e.g., tunnel entrance and tunnel exit) have different effects on different types of traffic accidents. Practical Applications: The framework proposed in this article can provide new insight for researchers to enlarge the research subjects of both explanatory and outcome variables in accident analysis. Future research could be implemented to consider more driving conditions.     

废弃轮胎制备热解炭对醋糟厌氧产甲烷性能的提升效果研究

醋糟在酿造行业中大量产生,除少量用于饲料添加外,大部分成为生物质废弃物,适合于厌氧产沼方式进行能源化处理,但较低的产气量又成为制约厌氧消化工艺应用的主要因素.本研究发现利用废弃轮胎热解过程产生的热解炭,可有效提升醋糟厌氧产甲烷效果,在接种比为1：1（以VS计）时,产甲烷效果最优,相对于未投加热解炭的对照组,甲烷产率提高56%,达到283 mL·g^-1;进一步对热解炭制备温度和投加量影响产甲烷效果进行了研究,结果表明,在接种比为1：1的条件下,热解炭投加量越多,热解温度越高,甲烷产率提升效果越明显,本研究中,当热解炭投加量为12 g,热解温度为1000℃时,甲烷产率相比对照组提升104.4%.通过高通量测序分析,同时结合热解炭本身特性表征,进一步证实热解炭投加可提升水解产酸菌和厌氧产甲烷菌丰度,而其热解炭本身的导电性能可能在增强菌群间互营产甲烷过程中发挥重要作用.     

废旧轮胎回收利用行业循环经济评价指标体系

废旧轮胎是具有高再生价值的产品类废弃物,具备环境污染潜在性和资源性的双重性质。充分回收利用废旧轮胎既能缓解橡胶资源紧缺,又能解决废旧轮胎的环境污染问题。在调研的基础上,分析了我国废旧轮胎回收利用体系;初步构建了废旧轮胎回收利用行业循环经济评价指标体系,阐明了评价指标的含义,确定了评价的方法,并针对行业统计工作提出建议。