Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane （γ-HCH） in soils. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%〈70%〈50% 〈30%, Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2. The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities. In addition, effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene, trichlorocyclohexene, and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates, which were gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.     

可见光响应漂浮式微球光催化剂及其光降解模拟海水中苯酚

为了将光催化技术应用于有机物污染海水的治理,本文首先利用水热还原得到了具有可见光响应的还原商用P25光催化剂,而后将还原后的P25作为活性组分负载在透明的有机玻璃空心微球表面,制成漂浮式微球光催化剂.还原后的P25的表征结果表明,水热条件下金属还原作用会将P25中少量Ti~(4+)还原成Ti~(3+),同时催化剂表面还形成了无序化-内部结晶的核壳结构.这两种结构变化都会显著拓展还原P25催化剂的可见光响应.含苯酚模拟污染海水的光降解实验发现,降解低浓度苯酚时,漂浮型微球光催化剂显示了优异的降解效率,降解5 h的去除率达到了95%以上.由于还原P25光催化剂的稳定性并且漂浮式微球光催化剂能简易回收,在多次重复实验中微球光催化剂都可以保持较高的催化活性.     

金银合金纳米颗粒的可控合成及其光催化性能

以果糖为还原剂和表面活性剂,可控合成了平均粒径小于14.6nm的金银（Au-Ag）合金纳米颗粒.基于一步法,改变合成时间（1~8min）,Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的成分及其表面等离子共振（SPR）波长被连续调控.采用UV-Vis、EDX、ICP、XPS、TEM、HR-TEM和SAED等分析手段对Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒进行表征,发现制备的合金纳米颗粒具有均匀的成分和合金结构.由于Au、Ag两元素的协同作用,Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒在4-硝基苯酚的光催化降解反应中表现出了优异的光催化活性和稳定性.除了改变Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的添加量,光催化反应的动力学速率常数还可通过改变合金成分来线性调节.基于可控合成,动力学速率常数甚至可通过Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的合成时间来线性调控.上述控制动力学速率常数的方法可为其他的光催化反应提供参考.     

高效负载型光催化剂制备及其加铂修饰技术

通过光催化氧化五氯苯酚钠实验,结合对催化剂晶型结构、比表面积的表征分析,优化钛酸四丁酯水解制备TiO₂负载型催化剂并加铂修饰的制备条件:R值、烧结温度、粘合剂添加量、空心玻璃珠粒径大小及催化剂中铂含量,从而制备出高效、实用的负载加铂修饰型半导体光催化剂.实验结果表明,当R=10,温度为650℃烧结1h,TiO₂∶硅酸钠∶空心玻璃珠=10∶2.5∶20(W),铂在催化剂中的重量百分比为1.4%～1.6%,空心玻璃珠的粒径为0.5mm时,所制备的加铂修饰负载型催化剂催化活性、使用寿命和牢固度均比较理想.用该催化剂做光催化实验,当反应液初始五氯苯酚钠浓度为100mg/L、pH值为6.5,催化剂投加量为2g/L,通氧气量为1.6mL/s,光照强度为30kW/m²时,五氯苯酚钠2 h光催化氧化率达92.0%.     

TiO2/多孔硅胶对乙烯光催化降解的研究

在可见光或紫外光照的非循环体系中,进行了氧化钛基的催化剂光催化降解乙烯的研究.考察了不同的乙烯初始浓度、不同温度、不同光源和负载贵金属对光降解效率的影响.结果表明,乙烯浓度在38～188 mg/m³范围时,光降解效率随乙烯初始浓度升高而缓慢地线性下降;温度升高有利于光降解;负载的贵金属不仅抑制电子空穴对复合,而且扩大了氧化钛对可见光的吸收,几十倍地提高了氧化钛在可见光的光催化效率.     

多壁碳纳米管结构对复合光催化剂催化效果的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了多壁碳纳米管负载纳米TiO₂的复合光催化剂（TiO₂/MWCNTs）,以偶氮类染料甲基橙为目标污染物,在自制的光催化反应器上进行了光催化降解反应实验。主要研究同一甲基橙初始浓度（C₀)下,多壁碳纳米管不同管长和管径对复合光催化剂催化效果的影响。结果表明：该降解反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述,反应速率常数k随着多壁碳纳米管管长和管径的增大而增大;与纯纳米TiO₂相比,复合光催化剂对甲基橙的降解率提高了6％～18％,反应速率常数为前者的1.19～2.11倍;采用复合光催化剂的甲基橙光降解溶液自行沉降分离效果较好,静止沉降60 min后达到沉降平衡,剩余浊度为8.5 NTU,下降了90.6％。     

银钛共负载型光催化材料降解甲基橙废水简

以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法对其进行负载,制备出不同类型的光催化材料（TiO₂-EP、Ag⁺-TiO₂-EP）,并在模拟日光条件下,研究其对甲基橙溶液的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次且担载0.04% Ag⁺的负载型TiO₂光催化活性最高,在光催化剂用量为0.3 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L甲基橙溶液光照4 h后降解率可达81.6%,且甲基橙的光催化降解服从一级动力学方程。回收3次后仍有较强的活性,其2 h降解率为24.8%。     

TiO2/粉煤灰的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,以粉煤灰微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/粉煤灰光催化剂.负载于粉煤灰表面的TiO2平均粒径约为7nm,晶型为锐钛矿型,该催化剂在太阳光下降解初始浓度为10mg·l-1的甲基橙,经6h,甲基橙的降解率可达98.9%,将其应用于实际样品的测定,经3h降解率可达96.1%,显示出优越的光催化降解性能.     

Highly effective visible-photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and simultaneous organic pollutant degradation over an urchin-like oxygen-doped MoS2/ZnIn2S4 composite

● An urchin-like OMS/ZIS composite was fabricated by a facile solvothermal method. ● The OMS/ZIS exhibits superior photocatalytic H₂ evolution for organics degradation. ● A probable mechanism of dual-functional photocatalysis was proposed in detail. ● This work provides an inspiration for rational design of dual-functional catalysts. Achieving hydrogen production and simultaneous decomposition of organic pollutants through dual-functional photocatalytic reactions has received increasing attention due to the environmentally friendly and cost-effective characteristics of this approach. In this work, an urchin-like oxygen-doped MoS₂/ZnIn₂S₄ (OMS/ZIS) composite was fabricated for the first time using a simple solvothermal method. The unique microstructure with abundant active sites and fast charge transfer channels further shortened the charge migration distance and compressed carrier recombination. The obtained composite exhibited an efficient H₂ evolution reaction rate of 12.8 mmol/g/h under visible light, which was nearly times higher than pristine ZnIn₂S₄, and the apparent quantum efficiency was 14.9% (420 nm). The results of the simultaneous photocatalytic H₂ evolution and organic pollutant decomposition test were satisfactory, resulting in decomposition efficiencies of resorcinol, tetracycline, and bisphenol A that reached 41.5%, 63.5%, and 53.0% after 4 h, respectively, and the highest H₂ evolution rate was 672.7 μmol/g/h for bisphenol A. Furthermore, natural organic matter (NOM) abundantly found in actual water was adopted as an electron donor for H production under simulated sunlight irradiation, indicating the promising practicability of simultaneous hydrogen evolution and NOM decomposition. Moreover, the mechanisms of the dual-purpose photocatalytic reactions, as well as the synergistic effect between the molecular structures of the organic pollutants and the corresponding adsorption behavior on the photocatalyst surface were illustrated in detail. These obtained results may serve as an inspiration for the rational design of highly efficient, dual-functional photocatalysts in the future.     

Fabrication of Bi-Bi3O4Cl plasmon photocatalysts for removal of aqueous emerging contaminants under visible light

Photocatalytic oxidation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water has recently gained extensive attentions. In this study, bismuth oxychloride-based plasmon photocatalysts (Bi-Bi₃O₄Cl) exhibiting high performance were successfully developed by reducing Bi³⁺ on the surface of Bi₃O₄Cl. Consequently, the photocatalysts were used to remove ECs from water. The effects of developmental process and Bi metal plasmon resonance on the photoelectric performances of Bi-Bi₃O₄Cl were investigated through a series of characterizations. The UV-vis diffuse reflection and photoluminescence spectra revealed that the light absorption range of the photocatalyst gradually increased and the electron recombination rate gradually decreased with the introduction of Bi metals. The optimal removal rates of ciprofloxacin and tetrabromobisphenol A by Bi-Bi₃O₄Cl were 93.8% and 96.4%; the respective reaction rate constants were 5.48 and 4.93 times higher than that of Bi₃O₄Cl. The mechanism study indicated that main reactants in the photocatalytic system were •O₂⁻ radicals and photogenerated holes, and the existence of oxygen vacancies and Bi metals promoted electron transfer in photocatalyst. In conclusion, this research produces a novel, green, highly efficient, and stable visible light photocatalyst for the removal of ECs from water.