Thermal Degradation Mechanism of Low-Density Polyethylene Plastic Wastes in Cyclohexane

The thermal LDPE degradation mechanism harnessing a high-pressure autoclave surrounded by a furnace was investigated in this work. Rates of formation of gas, liquid, and solid during degradation of PE plastic wastes in cyclohexane as solvent at 400 and 425°C have been experimentally determined. Four reaction mechanisms have been proposed and tested to estimates of gas, liquid, and solid. Proposed mechanisms are based on the assumption that the reactions are pseudo-first-order with respect to the reacting species. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for each of the indicated mechanistic steps have been calculated by nonlinear regression analysis. The best fit was obtained by model 2 (pure parallel reaction mechanism), and its activation energy was determined.     

医疗废物无害化处理工艺及移动床热分解炉的选择应用

随着我国医疗废物处理的各项法规、条例等规章制度的建立和健全,彻底实现医疗废物的无害化、减量化、资源化,对处理工艺及主要设备的合理选择提出了更高的要求。在此就中原某市医疗废物无害化处理工程设计工艺及热分解炉的选择特点做出了较明确的阐述,可供参考。     

浅谈城市生活及工业固体废弃物处理技术

本文概述了国内外有关固体废弃物的处理技术,主要对城市生活及工业固体废弃物进行小结,并涉及危险固体废弃物的处理技术。     

Processes for sustainable development using high-intensity electric fields

Intense electric fields up to 10⁷ V/m generate very interesting and useful applications for the environment. Several processes using high electrical voltage for environment preservation were developed in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to review these applications, highlighting their economic and environmental benefits: (1) electrostatic separators of particles used in industrial wastes recycling; (a) role-type electrostatic separator for granular mixtures of plastic–metal particles; (b) free-fall and rotating belt triboelectric separators for mixtures of plastic–plastic particles; (c) plate-type electrostatic separator for mixtures of metal–metal particles, (2) electrostatic precipitators for gas cleaning and (3) ozone generators for air and water treatment.     

Lean framework for planning redesign proposals to optimise EOL environmental behaviour in WEEE products

The aim of this research was to define a sequence of actions to guide redesign propositions for electrical and electronic equipment products, which minimise negative consequences to the environment after the end of their useful life. Current practices mainly encourage the examination of individual problems as disassembly process and identification of suitable product end-of-life (EOL) treatment strategies. There also exist previous studies that try to incorporate EOL concerns in product design phase. In most cases, the main problem is the limited available EOL information because of its delayed retrieval. The proposed method focuses primarily on minimising this problem. The steps of the analysis performed include the selection of the optimal EOL treatment strategy and, afterwards, the evaluation of its results concerning the environment. In parallel, product design characteristics are grouped and examined concerning their expected significance for the environment in the EOL stage. The results from the previous stages are combined and product improvement actions are proposed for further examination in the redesign stage. The general framework used to conduct all these actions is lean thinking methodology. In the end, results concerning the application of the proposed method on a distribution transformer are presented.     

Optimizing the treatment and disposal of municipal solid wastes using mathematical programming—A case study in a Greek region

Goal of the work is to present a simplified methodology to optimize an integrated solid waste management system. The methodology performs two optimizations, namely: (i) minimization of the total cost of the MSW system and (ii) minimization of the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO_2e) generated by the whole system. The methodology is modeled via non-linear mathematical equations, uses 32 decision variables and does not require complex LCA databases. The proposed model optimally allocates eight MSW components (paper, cardboard, plastics, metals, glass, food wastes, yard wastes and other wastes) to four MSW management technologies (incineration, composting, anaerobic digestion, and landfilling) after source separation of recyclables has taken place. The Region of East-Macedonia and Thrace in Greece was selected as a case study. Results showed that there is a trade off between cost and CO_2e emissions. Incineration and composting were favored as the principal treatment technologies, while landfilling was always the least desirable management technology under both objective functions. The recycling participation rate significantly affected all optimum scenarios.     

典型因素对含锌废盐酸制备磷酸锌的影响机制研究

以含锌废盐酸为原料制备磷酸锌［Zn3(PO4)2］,探讨含锌废盐酸中Zn、Fe、Cr、Ni等重金属质量分数、TOC质量浓度、磷酸体积分数和反应时间等典型因素对Zn3(PO4)2纯度及化学组成结构的影响,并用XRD及SEM表征Zn3(PO4)2的物相结构。结果表明,含锌废盐酸可制备纯度较高、结构较为稳定的Zn3(PO4)2产品,制备过程中废盐酸中的Fe对Zn3(PO4)2产出纯度的影响较大;Zn3(PO4)2的产出纯度随TOC质量浓度的升高而下降;当磷酸体积分数低于85%时,对Zn3(PO4)2产出纯度总体呈正相关趋势,而高于85%后,产出纯度则有所降低;反应时间为5 h时制备Zn3(PO4)2的效率最高。     

上海市生活垃圾全程分类模式的研究和实践

提出了生活垃圾全程分类模式。通过试点，着重论述与该模式相对应的工作内容和方法，对城市生活垃圾的减量化、资源化、无害化推进具有指导意义。     

粪尿分集全方位负压排臭生态卫生旱厕应用实例

介绍了粪尿分集生态卫生旱厕的特点及应用效果，该厕能节约和保护水资源，排泄物可再次利用，能形成可持续的完整的生态系统。具有较好的发展前景。     

四川省境内核工业放射性废物污染的潜在危险及防治对策

本文通过对四川省境内核工业放射性废物污染的潜在危险分析，提出了污染的对策。