国内外废旧纺织品回收再利用方法比较

随着人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的废旧纺织品和衣物被淘汰,但是其中大部分没有被很好的回收利用,因此对环境造成污染.介绍了国内外企业废旧衣物回收再利用的方法并进行比较,为国内企业提供有效参考.     

铝冶炼行业主要危险废物的判别分析研究

铝冶炼产业在国民经济和社会发展中具有极其重要的地位和作用,在铝冶炼生产过程中,会产生大量危险废物,如处置不当会造成严重污染。但如何判别危险废物是环境管理中的难点问题,危险废物判别是技术性、专业性很强的工作,本文对铝冶炼业产生危险废物的类型、环节进行了分析,以供环境部门和相关企业作为针对危险废物环境管理的判别依据。     

芬顿工艺在广饶县污水处理厂的应用研究

随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,废水的排放量不断增加,相应对水环境的污染也日渐严重,主要表现在污染类型的多样化和有机污染程度的加深,同时也使得水处理的难度不断加大.对于一些难于生物降解的毒性物质可使用强氧化剂将其氧化分解,降低污染程度.以芬顿试剂(Fe2+和H2O2)为主的系列高级氧化技术在水处理中得到了越来越广泛的应用,展示了较高的去除难降解有机污染物的能力.     

四川省新型干法水泥行业发展概况及其环境问题分析

本文简述了四川省“十一五”期间新型干法水泥工业发展概况和取得的环境效益,分析了新型干法水泥工业发展中面临的环境问题,提出利用新型干法水泥回转窑处理有机废物和危险废物是今后水泥行业可持续发展的一个重要方向。     

安徽典型城市环境K线形态及灰色关联度分析

选取安徽6座典型城市(合肥、芜湖、蚌埠、马鞍山、铜陵、淮南)1994-2010年经济发展指标和工业“三废”数据,对综合型和矿产资源开采型两类不同城市的环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)形态进行实证研究.结果表明:不同类型城市的“三废”污染物指标的EKC形状各异,呈现出经济发展与环境污染关系的不同特征,这与当地的产业特点及政府的经济发展政策密不可分.同时使用灰色分析法研究其影响因子,结果发现,经济结构与技术进步对环境污染有着重大的影响.     

可持续的城市生活垃圾管理模式及其建设

我国城市垃圾管理正处于转型时期 ,本文结合我国城市垃圾管理存在的问题 ,讨论了可持续的城市垃圾管理的内涵及特点、系统构成和优先建设内容 ,提出了建立可持续的城市垃圾管理系统的对策措施     

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Humic Substances Produced During Cellulose Decomposition

Humic substances (HS) produced during the aerobic decomposition of polysaccharides still need to be recognized as such and characterized. Humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids extracted at different time intervals during composting of cotton residues from carding, where no decomposition of lignin occurred, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) size exclusion chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Throughout the experiment, fulvic acids possessed a larger number of carboxyl groups but a lower number of weak acidic groups (negatively charged acid groups at pH 11) than humic acids. the number of carboxyl groups increased with time in both fulvic and humic acids, while that of phenolic groups decreased. Infrared spectra showed that the ratio between carboxyl and methyl groups decreased from 8.5 to 4 in FA after 18 days. This change corresponded with the disappearance of flat sheet structures observed by SEM at pH 6. Our results suggest that the shape of humic molecules as observed by SEM reflects the strength of hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions with the solvent molecules. About 80% of FA molecules had a molecular weight lower than 3500 as deduced from column calibration with HS standards obtained by ultrafiltration. About 40% of humic acids were composed of small molecules; only 20% HA had a molecular weight larger than 45000. Polysaccharide-derived HS may not be limited to the high molecular weight poorly transformed fraction containing bonded polysaccharide structures, but may also consist of low molecular weight components with no structural similarity to the original material.     

Review on fate of chlorine during thermal processing of solid wastes

Chlorine(Cl) is extensively present in solid wastes, causing significant problems during the thermal conversion of waste to energy or fuels, by combustion, gasification or pyrolysis.This paper introduces the analytical methods for determining the Cl content in solid materials and presents the concentrations of Cl in various types of wastes, as reported in literature. Then, it provides a comprehensive analysis on the Cl emission behavior and Cl species formed during the thermal processing of the inorganic and organic Cl sources. The challenges resulted from the reactions between the formed Cl species and the ferrous metals, the heavy metals and the organic matters are summarized and discussed, e.g., high temperature corrosion, heavy metal evaporation and dioxin formation. The quality degradation of products(oil, char and syngas) by Cl is analyzed. Finally, the available controlling methods of Cl emission, including pre-treatment(water washing, sorting,microwave irradiation and stepwise pyrolysis) and in-furnace(absorbents, co-treatment and catalysts) methods are assessed.     

福建省经济发展与工业污染水平计量模型研究

经济增长和环境污染之间的关系常用环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）来描述,典型的EKc一般呈倒u形。对福建省1988—2008年的经济与环境系列数据研究表明,福建省工业“三废”排放与人均GDP之间存在明显的相关性,但并不完全符合EKC的典型倒“U”模型。工业废水和工业s02排放曲线为“U＋倒U”形,EKC的转折点已分别在2006年和2008年到达;工业废气排放曲线为正“U”形的右半部分,EKc的转折点尚未出现。因此,福建省要进一步调整产业结构,提升第三产业在整个国民经济中的比重,优化第二产业结构,减少工业废气排放量,争取尽早跨越EKC拐点。     

厨余垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷速率经验模型的修正研究

分别通过单相和两相厌氧消化实验,对厨余垃圾产甲烷累积产量曲线进行了拟合.结果表明,单相厌氧消化产甲烷累积产量曲线符合二次函数关系,相关系数(R2)为0.9982;两相厌氧消化产甲烷累积产量曲线符合线性函数关系,相关系数(R2)为0.9972.以拟合函数为基础,在考虑系统负荷的前提下,建立了基准状态下的产甲烷速率经验模型,通过引入pH抑制系数和氨氮抑制系数对建立的产甲烷速率经验模型进行了修正.对经验修正模型预测结果进行了实验验证及误差分析.结果表明, 在检验水平a=0.01条件下,单相厌氧第1组和第2组试验数据试验数据与模型预测值的显著性检验统计量F分别为486.22和268.63,均远大于临界值(F0.99(1,58)=7.12);两相厌氧第1组试验数据和第2组试验数据与模型预测值的显著性检验统计量F分别为421.69和372.56,也远高于其临界值(F0.99(1,58)=7.12).说明该模型能很好地预测单相和两相厌氧消化产甲烷累积产量,且计算过程简单.