臭氧在蔬菜废弃物发酵液深度处理中的应用

研究了臭氧直接氧化对蔬菜废弃物好氧发酵液中8项主要污染物指标的影响。臭氧通量浓度设为1.67 mg/L,曝气时间分别选择30,60和120 min,考察了臭氧氧化对蔬菜废弃物发酵液中pH值、粪大肠菌群、COD、总氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和总磷的作用效果。结果表明:随着曝气时间的延长,pH值呈不断升高的变化趋势;曝气时间120min,粪大肠菌群被全部去除,COD的去除率为31.7%;臭氧氧化过程中发酵液的各种氮素形态相互转化呈动态变化过程;随着臭氧投加时间的延长,总磷含量会略有上升。     

广汉市生活垃圾生命周期评价

简要介绍了生命周期评价（ＬＣＡ）的概念以及国际标准化组织１９９７年分布的ＩＳＯ１４０４０环境管理体系“生命周期评价原则与框架”，对城市生活垃圾的不同２方式进行了较为系统的ＬＣＡ评价，结果表明，林烧，简单填埋，卫生填埋及综合处理的环境影响潜力分别为５．１×１０＾－２，３．８×１０＾－２，２．６×１０＾－２，和１．７×１０＾－２，处理成本分别为３９．２元／（人．年），２１．３元／（人．年），２７．８元     

Denitrification of synthetic concentrated nitrate wastes by aerobic granular sludge under anoxic conditions

The aim of the present work was to determine the denitrification potential of aerobic granular sludge for concentrated nitrate wastes. We cultivated mixed microbial granules in a sequencing batch reactor operated at a superficial air velocity of 0.8 cm s⁻¹. The denitrification experiments were performed under anoxic conditions using serum bottles containing synthetic media with 225-2250 mg L⁻¹ NO₃-N. Time required for complete denitrification varied with the initial nitrate concentration and acetate to nitrate-N mass ratio. Complete denitrification of 2250 mg L⁻¹ NO₃-N under anoxic conditions was accomplished in 120 h. Nitrite accumulation was not significant (<5 mg N L⁻¹) at initial NO₃-N concentrations below 677 mg L⁻¹. However, denitrification of higher concentrations of nitrate (?900 mg N L⁻¹) resulted in buildup of nitrite. Nevertheless, nitrite buildups observed in present study were relatively lower compared to that reported in previous studies using flocculent activated sludge. The experimental results suggest that acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge can be quickly adapted to treat high strength nitrate waste and can thus be used as seed biomass for developing high-rate bioreactors for efficient treatment of concentrated nitrate-bearing wastes.     

甲烷化出水循环量对固体废物厌氧水解的影响

在蔬菜花卉类废物的两相厌氧消化过程中,利用甲烷化出水循环至水解反应器凋控厌氧水解过程,以加速固相有机物的水解.比较甲烷化出水循环量分别为0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0 m3/(m3·d)时,水解环境(pH、碱度、ORP、氨氮浓度、还原糖浓度)、水解微生物量和水解效率(SCOD和还原糖的累计溶出量、水解速率常数)的变化,探讨了循环量对水解过程的影响.结果表明,甲烷化出水循环增强了水解环境的缓冲能力和稳定性,高循环量有利于微生物的合成代谢和生物量的增加,水解效率随循环量的增加而升高.该工艺运行9 d后,循环量为0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0 m3/(m3·d)时,水解液的SCOD(以VS计)累计溶出量分别达到334、407、413、581 mg/g,相应的一级动力学水解速率常数分别为0.065、0.083、0.089、0.105 d-1.     

我国医疗废物领域履行POPs公约对策研究

文章根据POPs公约对医疗废物管理和处置的总体要求,结合我国目前医疗废物管理和技术应用现状,结合我国医疗废物处置设施污染物排放、工程建设及运行管理状况,从医疗废物处理技术的具体应用实际需要出发对如何推进采用BAT/BEP,推进中国该领域履约进程进行了探讨,并提出了我国医疗废物领域履行POPs公约的管理和技术对策。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状——Ⅱ日本废弃物的法律法规与管理体系

介绍了日本废弃物法律法规体系的构成以及基本法律的主要内容。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状 Ⅲ.日本废弃物的试验分析方法体系 (B)产业废弃物的采样与制样方法

本文介绍了日本产业废弃物的采样方法并详细介绍了溶出试验和含量试验试液的制备方法及其适用范围,对测定重金属用试液的前处理方法也做了简要介绍。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状 Ⅲ.日本废弃物的试验分析方法体系(D)产业废弃物处理处置过程中的监测分析

本文介绍了日本产业废弃物处理处置过程中的监测分析内容与方法。     

可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价指标体系探索研究

合理利用境外的可用作原料的固体废物,可以弥补我国国内资源的相对不足,但固体废物固有的废物属性仍不可避免地会带来一定的环境负面影响。建立可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价体系,对于在合理利用境外废物资源的同时,保护和改善环境具有重要意义。本文论述了我国建立可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价体系的理论和原则,并根据影响可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价的因素分析,构建了可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价指标体系框架。     

Comparison of alkaline industrial wastes for aqueous mineral carbon sequestration through a parallel reactivity study

Thirty-one alkaline industrial wastes from a wide range of industrial processes were acquired and screened for application in an aqueous carbon sequestration process. The wastes were evaluated for their potential to leach polyvalent cations and base species. Following mixing with a simple sodium bicarbonate solution, chemistries of the aqueous and solid phases were analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the most reactive materials were capable of sequestering between 77% and 93% of the available carbon under experimental conditions in four hours. These materials – cement kiln dust, spray dryer absorber ash, and circulating dry scrubber ash – are thus good candidates for detailed, process-oriented studies. Chemical equilibrium modeling indicated that amorphous calcium carbonate is likely responsible for the observed sequestration. High variability and low reactive fractions render many other materials less attractive for further pursuit without considering preprocessing or activation techniques.