Comparison of alkaline industrial wastes for aqueous mineral carbon sequestration through a parallel reactivity study

Thirty-one alkaline industrial wastes from a wide range of industrial processes were acquired and screened for application in an aqueous carbon sequestration process. The wastes were evaluated for their potential to leach polyvalent cations and base species. Following mixing with a simple sodium bicarbonate solution, chemistries of the aqueous and solid phases were analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the most reactive materials were capable of sequestering between 77% and 93% of the available carbon under experimental conditions in four hours. These materials – cement kiln dust, spray dryer absorber ash, and circulating dry scrubber ash – are thus good candidates for detailed, process-oriented studies. Chemical equilibrium modeling indicated that amorphous calcium carbonate is likely responsible for the observed sequestration. High variability and low reactive fractions render many other materials less attractive for further pursuit without considering preprocessing or activation techniques.     

邢台市固体废弃物污染现状及防治对策

随着经济的飞速发展,人民对物质生活需求的不断提高,固体废弃物的产量呈现不断增加的趋势,成分也日益复杂.由固体废弃物引发的环境问题严重影响环境安全,其危害已引起人们的广泛关注.详细阐述了邢台市固体废弃物污染的种类、来源和危害,对目前常用的固体废弃物处理技术进行分析比较,并针对邢台市固体废弃物污染的问题和处理方式提出建议.     

秸秆及配施工农业废弃物对茉莉种植园碳排放的影响

废弃物的农业资源化是当前研究的热点之一,但将其应用于环境效应评价还鲜见报道.通过实验测定,探讨了秸秆及秸秆分别配施石膏渣、生物炭、炉渣对福州茉莉园碳排放及其综合增温潜势的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,施加秸秆CH_4排放通量提高了20.05%;与秸秆处理相比,秸秆配施石膏渣和秸秆配施生物炭不同程度地提高了CH_4排放通量,而秸秆配施炉渣的CH_4排放通量则有所降低.与对照相比,施加秸秆CO_2排放通量提高了30.45%;与秸秆处理相比,秸秆配施石膏渣提高了CO_2排放通量,而秸秆配施生物炭和秸秆配施炉渣的CO_2排放通量均有所降低.CO_2对茉莉园碳排放和综合增温潜势贡献较大,碳排放和综合增温潜势均表现为秸秆配施石膏渣秸秆秸秆配施生物炭秸秆配施炉渣对照,秸秆处理的碳排放和增温潜势较对照分别提高了30.42%和30.18%,秸秆配施石膏渣较秸秆处理提高了碳排放和综合增温潜势,而秸秆配施生物炭和秸秆配施炉渣的碳排放和综合增温潜势均有所降低.从温室气体综合增温潜势来看,秸秆配施生物炭或炉渣可作为茉莉园固碳减排的有效配套措施.     

不同储存条件下餐厨垃圾的变化特征及其厌氧消化产气潜力

餐厨垃圾在储存、运输过程中容易腐败变质,对其资源化利用有一定影响。考察了不同条件下储存时餐厨垃圾pH和细菌总数的变化规律,研究了室温以及5℃条件下,不同储存时间的餐厨垃圾的厌氧发酵产气潜力。结果表明:随储存温度的降低,餐厨垃圾pH值的下降趋势有所减缓,在5℃条件下,8 h内可使餐厨垃圾的pH维持在6.0以上;15℃下餐厨垃圾储存8 h以内,细菌总数小于1.0×10~6cfu/g。室温(30℃)新鲜垃圾的累积产气量最高,达到1 422 mL。在5℃下储存4 h内的餐厨垃圾,其厌氧发酵累积产气量与新鲜餐厨垃圾的产气结果相当,而在5℃下储存8 h时,产气量与新鲜垃圾相比下降了3%,之后,随着储存时间的延长,累积产气量逐渐下降。     

The Power of Bioenergy‐Related Standards to Protect Biodiversity

Abstract: The sustainable production of bioenergy is vital to avoiding negative impacts on environmental goods such as climate, soil, water, and especially biodiversity. We propose three key issues that should be addressed in any biodiversity risk‐mitigation strategy: conservation of areas of significant biodiversity value; mitigation of negative effects related to indirect land‐use change; and promotion of agricultural practices with few negative impacts on biodiversity. Focusing on biodiversity concerns, we compared principles and criteria set to address biodiversity and other environmental and social issues in seven standards (defined here as commodity‐based standards or roundtables, or relevant European legislation): five voluntary initiatives related to bioenergy feedstocks, the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (United Kingdom), and the European Renewable Energy Source Directive. Conservation of areas of significant biodiversity value was fairly well covered by these standards. Nevertheless, mitigation of negative impacts related to indirect land‐use change was underrepresented. Although the EU directive, with its bonus system for the use of degraded land and a subquota system for noncrop biofuels, offered the most robust standards to mitigate potential negative effects, all of the standards fell short in promoting agricultural practices with low negative impacts on biodiversity. We strongly recommend that each standard be benchmarked against related standards, as we have done here, and that efforts should be made to strengthen the elements that are weak or missing. This would be a significant step toward achieving a bioenergy industry that safeguards Earth's living heritage.     

循环流化床锅炉燃烧城市生活垃圾的研究进展

城市生活垃圾（MSW）产量的与日俱增及环保要求的不断提高，使循环流化床（CFB）燃烧技术逐渐在MSW的回收和利用方面扮演越来越重要的角色。简要分析了国内外采用分类回收及综合利用、卫生填埋、堆肥和一般焚烧方法处理MSW的不足之处以及采用CFB燃烧技术的优越性，重点介绍了国内外采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW的研究和应用现状，指出了目前存在的问题及努力的方向。采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW关于SO２、NOx、CO排放的实验研究和运行结果令人满意，但对HCl、二恶英及重金属排放还需要进一步研究。试验及实际运行结果都表明，采用CFB燃烧装置对MSW进行焚烧处理是切实可行的，它将是未来解决MSW问题的重要手段。     

硫酸法钛白粉“三废”治理与利用的研究进展

介绍了硫酸法钛白粉生产工艺和污染物产生环节，详细阐述了生产废气、废液和废渣的特性和种类，从污染物综合治理的角度分析了“三废”治理的技术路线，重点阐述了煅烧尾气、酸解尾气和酸性废水治理措施以及废酸和硫酸亚铁的综合利用情况。     

国外废旧家用电子电器回收再利用研究

随着废旧家用电子电器数量和种类的增加及其产生的环境污染问题，废旧家用电子电器的处理处置、回收再利用引起世界各国的广泛关注。本文阐述了一些工业发达国家在废旧家用电子电器回收再利用方面所采取的措施、取得的成功经验和未来发展趋势。     

高级催化氧化法降解4BS模拟染料废水

用煤灰渣加入活性组分复合成催化剂、H2O2作为氧化剂的高级催化氧化法降解4BS模拟染料废水.结果表明,高级催化氧化法可以有效降解4BS.当pH=4、H2O2投加量为0.46 mL/L、反应100 min时,脱色率达98%,同时COD去除率可达83%以上.催化剂运转时间累计达到500 h,脱色率和COD去除率分别保持为98%和83%,未发现有活性下降现象.本研究为染料废水的处理提供了一种经济有效的方法.     

食品垃圾好氧降解过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征

采用实验室模拟方法,研究了混合食品垃圾(FW)及以橙子、生菜、土豆和西红柿为代表的4种植物性易降解有机垃圾组分好氧降解过程中排放出来的117种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放量和组成特征.结果表明,混合食品垃圾好氧降解过程中VOCs总排放量为951.80mg·kg-1,主要为有机硫、含氧化合物和萜烯,分别占VOCs总排放量的43.1%、53.3%和2.1%.橙子、生菜、土豆和西红柿4种植物性易降解有机垃圾好氧降解过程中VOCs的总排放量分别为12736.72、118.67、57.40和228.08mg·kg-1,主要成分均为含氧化合物和萜烯;含氧化合物分别占橙子、生菜、土豆和西红柿4种植物性易降解有机垃圾VOCs总排放量的13.5%、80.9%、85.9%和79.5%,萜烯分别占4种植物性易降解有机垃圾VOCs总排放量的86.5%、16.6%、8.2%和15.6%.