Environmental and economic impact assessment of construction and demolition waste disposal using system dynamics

Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) have increasingly serious problems in environmental, social, and economic realms. There is no coherent framework for utilization of these wastes which are disposed both legally and illegally. This harms the environment, contributes to the increase of energy consumption, and depletes finite landfills resources. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of two alternatives for the management of CDW, recycling and disposing. The evaluation is carried out through developing a dynamic model with aid STELLA software by conducting the following steps: (1) quantifying the total cost incurred to mitigate the impacts of CDW landfills and uncollected waste on the environment and human health; (2) quantifying the total avoided emissions and saved energy by recycling waste; (3) estimating total external cost saved by recycling waste and; (4) providing a decision support tool that helps in re-thinking about waste disposal. The proposed evaluation methodology allows activating the stringent regulations that restrict waste disposal and developing incentives to encourage constructors to recycle their wastes. The research findings show that recycling CDW leads to significant reductions in emissions, energy use, global warming potential (GWP), and conserves landfills space when compared to disposal of wastes in landfills. Furthermore, the cost of mitigating the impact of disposal is extremely high. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle construction and demolition wastes.     

Environmental aspects and health risks of leather tanning industry: a study in the Hazaribag area

The tannery industry in Hazaribag, which is one of the most polluted areas in Dhaka City, produces a huge quantity of wastes every day. Without treatment, these are discharged into the Buriganga River and pollute the surrounding environment. This article examines the impacts of tannery wastes on workers’ health and the environment in that particular area. As part of the methodology, a semi-structured interview was conducted in order to obtain quantitative data and 112 respondents were interviewed using purposive sampling. The findings of the study indicate that tannery wastes affect the environment severely, causing ecological imbalance and the spreading of different kinds of fatal and contagious disease among the tannery workers and other individuals. Moreover, the current waste management system of the Hazaribag tannery industries is very suspect due to outdated technology, defective drainage systems, lack of financial input, and the exploitative attitude of their owners. The findings also indicate that tannery workers are unaware of the effects of tannery waste as they choose not to wear personal protective equipment in the workplace. This empirical study helps policy makers implement appropriate measures to raise awareness, among both owners and workers, that can influence changes in the public’s attitude and reduce environmental pollution to a great extent. Although considerable research has been undertaken focusing on tannery waste impact assessment, less attention has been paid to the issue of workers’ health. Therefore, both governments and policy makers can benefit from the findings of this study.     

我国工业固体废物污染治理行业2006年发展报告

本文介绍了2006年我国工业固体废物的产生、排放以及治理状况;概述了近年来国内工业固体废物处理利用技术取得的进展及重点发展领域,并对固体废物处理利用行业的发展提出了建议。     

可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价指标体系探索研究

合理利用境外的可用作原料的固体废物,可以弥补我国国内资源的相对不足,但固体废物固有的废物属性仍不可避免地会带来一定的环境负面影响。建立可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价体系,对于在合理利用境外废物资源的同时,保护和改善环境具有重要意义。本文论述了我国建立可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价体系的理论和原则,并根据影响可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价的因素分析,构建了可用作原料的固体废物进口可行性评价指标体系框架。     

Environmental and economic benefit of recycling model of packaging waste:a case study on aluminum

In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.     

秦皇岛市第三产业及城镇化发展循环经济问题与对策

秦皇岛港在装卸运输中有煤尘与油污染,应采取各种措施严格管理,并回收循环使用,非饮用水也应循环利用,铁路与公路运输中应加强固体废弃物的管理,回收处理循环使用.在旅游业和餐饮业中也应实现固体废弃物回收处理循环利用及污水的处理循环使用.在城镇化的过程中重点解决污水处理循环使用和生活垃圾回收处理,并使之资源化、循环使用.     

两段回转窑焚烧炉处理医疗垃圾的实际应用

医疗垃圾是一种含有大量病菌、细菌及化学药剂的危险废物，它的随意排放和不当处理将造成严重的环境污染．危害人体健康。在此介绍了沈阳市拟建的医疗垃圾焚烧厂采用的两段回转窑焚烧炉处理技术的工艺流程、技术指标和设计要点。     

防治工业污染应着眼于生产全过程

环境污染，实质就是资源能源的浪费。大庆石化二厂丙烯腈装置，从生产源头入手，着眼于生产全过程，节约能源．合理利用资源，最大限度地将原料转化为产品，回收“三废”中有用的物质，削减污染物的排放量；同时创造了可观的经济效益。     

鞍山市医疗废物处理现状及对策分析

从医疗废物的来源及其对人体的健康和环境的危害入手，结合医疗废物在收集、储存、运输、处理处置过程中的特殊要求，对鞍山市医疗废物管理现状进行了全面分析。针对医疗废物的全过程管理和危害化处理处置进行了深入探讨，提出了相应的建议和对策。     

推广节水型坐便器的配套政策研究

从水资源开发保护成本和其他使用的外部不经济性角度出发，提出推广节水型坐便器具有节省水费、节省污水处理费用、减少污水及污染物排放3方面的环境经济效益，并分析计算了在上海地区推广可获得的效益。根据社会调查，就推广使用节水型坐便器在体制、税收、管理、宣传教育、价格和法规等方面提出相应的配套政策和措施。