生活垃圾固结技术及其安全性研究

针对生活垃圾产生量逐年增多的趋势,采用新型固化技术对陈腐生活垃圾进行固结,并对其固结效果和安全性进行研究.研究结果表明:本固结技术可使生活垃圾固结体28 d强度达38 MPa以上,其耐久性能诸如抗冻性能、耐水性能、抗干湿循环能力和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能较为优越.并且其固结体重金属溶出量亦满足国家标准,即生活垃圾中的重金属离子得到有效的束缚和稳定固化.     

酸性蚀刻废液处理的试验研究

通过室内试验,比较置换、中和-置换及化学沉淀-电絮凝处理方法对废蚀刻液的处理效果.结果表明,化学沉淀-电絮凝工艺的处理效果最好,其适宜工艺条件为废蚀刻液pH=6 0～7 5、电絮凝电流密度50 mA/cm2和电絮凝作用15 min,此时COD和Cu2+的去除率分别达98 7%和99 98%.研究表明,经过化学沉淀-电絮凝工艺处理的酸性蚀刻废液可达到排放标准,同时化学沉淀过程中产生的沉淀物经处理后可得到硫酸铜产品.     

Degradation of greenhouse twines derived from natural fibers and biodegradable polymer during composting

Commercial composting operations generally do not accept organic wastes with plastic twines from the greenhouse vegetable industry and the bulk of the waste materials ends up in landfills. The objectives of this paper are to identify environmentally compatible substitutes that could replace the current use of petrochemically derived plastic twines in greenhouse vegetable production, thus diverting them from landfills, and to assess the extent of their degradation via composting. Physical properties of the twines, including linear density, percent weight loss and tensile strength were monitored for the biodegradation tests. A pilot-scale composting trial was conducted in an in-vessel composting system. Results showed that the three biodegradable twine materials (cotton, jute and EcoPLA) could degrade readily in a composting environment within a reasonable time frame. Specifically, at the end of 105 days of composting, 85.3%, 84.8% and 81.1% of weight loss was observed for cotton, jute and EcoPLA, respectively. Furthermore, EcoPLA exhibited a slower decline in tensile strength with time, when compared to jute and cotton.     

城市生活垃圾典型组分的热解动力学分析

利用热分析仪对城市生活垃圾中典型组分的热解过程进行了热重分析实验,采用不同形式的反应机理函数对实验结果进行了线性拟合计算,得到了针对不同组分的最合理的反应机理函数形式,并求出了相应的反应活化能E及频率因子A,由此构建了能更准确地反映垃圾各组分的热解反应过程的动力学模型。计算结果表明,垃圾中多数组分的热解过程用扩散模型来表示最为合理。     

利用工业废渣固化软土的试验研究

根据软土固化所需水化物组成的特殊性以及固化土结构形成过程的特点,有针对性地选择煤矸石、电石渣和磷石膏制备成以工业废渣为主要成分的软土固化剂。试验表明：采用合理的组成设计,充分利用不同工业废渣在提供碱性物质和膨胀性物质、调整胶结性水化物与膨胀性水化物生成速率协调性等方面的技术优势,利用工业废渣制备的固化剂与普通水泥相比可使固化土强度提高数倍。     

探讨电子垃圾污染的处置与管理

在介绍国内的电子垃圾产生及污染情况的基础上,对国内外电子垃圾管理法规及处置技术现状进行了综述.根据国内电子垃圾的特点,特别针对哈尔滨市电子垃圾管理提出了建议.     

有机废弃物氢发酵制备生物氢气的研究

在批式培养实验中以有机废弃物为原料,通过厌氧生物发酵制备生物氢气研究了菌种来源、有机废弃物种类对产氢能力的影响,以及生物氢发酵过程中液相组成的变化以活性污泥为菌种来源,以淀粉为底物,在30L改进的UASB反应器中进行了放大实验,生物气中氢气浓度达40%～51%,CO₂浓度为49%～60%,且没有检测到甲烷气体,生物气经碱液吸收后氢气纯度大于97%持续产氢时间超过120d.     

中国工业固体废物的现状和对策探讨

从固体废物的产生、分布、利用与处置、排放、污染以及危险废物等方面分析了我国工业固体废物的现状,得出了相应结论,即工业固体废物产生量增长势头得到了一定控制,与地区和行业有很大关系,其组成相对稳定,以及危险废物状况令人担忧等,最后提出了“九五"期间解决工业固体废物问题的具体对策。      

中国城市生活垃圾燃烧的特性

根据我国23个主要城市约40组垃圾的统计数据(包括元素分析和工业分析及组分分析),较好地拟合了生活垃圾净热值、垃圾焚烧理论空气量的计算公式;在此基础上研究了垃圾净热值与绝热火焰温度的数学关系,进而分析了垃圾单独焚烧(无辅助燃料)所需的临界热值及过剩空气率、预热空气温度等参数对临界热值的影响.本研究为了解垃圾的燃烧特性及垃圾的焚烧利用提供分析依据.     

Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Mineral Spoils and Drainage Waters at Abandoned Coal and Metal Mines

Mining is a long-established human activity. Abandonedmines, tailings, and mine spoils may have considerable impacton neighboring environments long after the sites are abandoned. Of greatest concern are derelict mines and wastes that generateacidic discharge waters that are enriched with iron and othermetals and metalloids. The chemistry and microbiology of thesesites are intricately intertwined. Whilst some indigenousmicroorganisms are responsible for accelerating sulfide mineraloxidation, thereby generating acidity and mobilizing metals,others catalyze reductive processes that essentially reversethese reactions and thereby ameliorate polluted mine waters.This article reviews current knowledge on the chemistry and microbiology of abandoned coal and metal mines, mine spoils and tailings.