一株高浸磷嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌的分离与鉴定

从矿山土样中分离到一株嗜酸的浸磷矿细菌HY-01,观察其形态并研究其培养特征.结果显示,该菌株为革兰氏阴性、短杆状运动细菌,菌体长1～2μm,宽0.5～0.7 μm,能在pH 1.5～8.0的范围内生长,最适生长温度为37℃,最适pH为1.5～3.0.该菌株可以KNO3、NH4NO3、(NH4)2CO3、NH4H2PO...     

润滑油高效降解菌的筛选及降解性能

实验以被石油污染的土壤为出发菌源,以润滑油为唯一碳源,经过筛选分离得到4株对润滑油具有降解能力的菌株。经过形态观察、生理生化实验初步鉴定发现,4株菌株分别为黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas)、动胶菌属(Azotobac-ter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium),其中菌株G4为黄杆菌属,其润滑油降解效率最高。研究菌株G4降解性能的影响因素发现,实验中的各因素对润滑油降解率的影响大小依次为:温度>葡萄糖浓度>硫酸铵浓度>pH值。在温度20～40℃下,菌株G4对润滑油均具有一定的降解能力。在适宜的温度范围中,pH值5.0～9.0范围内,菌株G4的润滑油降解率随pH值的变化很小,且均在80%以上。菌株G4在以润滑油为唯一碳源时的最佳培养条件为:温度30℃,pH值为9.0,硫酸铵浓度为1.0 g/L。在此条件下培养36 h,100 mL的G4培养液对200μL润滑油的降解率可达84.6%。     

Strain analysis in Jurassic argillites of the Monte Sirino area (Lagonegro Zone, southern Apennines, Italy) and implications for deformation paths in pelitic rocks

Analysis of strain in Jurassic argillites forming part of the folded and thrusted sedimentary succession of the Lagonegro basin (southern Italian Apennines) has been carried out using ellipsoid-shaped 'reduction' spots as strain markers. Most of the determined finite strain ellipsoids are of oblate type and show a peculiar distribution of the maximum extension direction ( X), with maxima either subparallel or subperpendicular to the local fold axes. Using the strain matrix method, two different deformation histories have been considered to assist the interpretation of the observed finite strain pattern. A first deformation history involved vertical compaction followed by horizontal shortening (occurring by a combination of true tectonic strain and volume loss), whereby all strain is coaxial and there is no change in the intermediate axis of the strain ellipsoid. By this type of deformation sequence, which produces a deformation path where total strain moves from the oblate to the prolate strain field and back to the oblate field, prolate strain ellipsoids can be generated and may be recorded where tectonic deformation has not been large enough to reverse pre-tectonic compaction. This type of deformation history may be of local importance within the study area (i.e. it may characterize some fold hinge regions) and, more generally, is probably of limited occurrence in deformed pelitic rocks. A second deformation sequence considered the superposition of pre-tectonic compaction and tectonic strain consisting of initial layer-parallel shortening followed by layer-parallel shear (related to flexural folding). Also in this instance, volume change during tectonic deformation and tectonic plane strain have been assumed. For geologically reasonable amounts of volume loss due to compaction and of initial layer-parallel shortening, this type of deformation history is capable of producing a deformation path entirely lying within the oblate strain field, but still characterized by a changeover, during deformation, of the maximum extension axis ( X) from a position parallel to the fold axis to one perpendicular to it. This type of deformation sequence may explain the main strain features observed in the study area, where most of the measured finite strain ellipsoids, determined from the limb regions of flexural folds, display an oblate shape, irrespective of the orientation of their maximum extension direction ( X) with respect to the local structural trends. More generally, this type of deformation history provides a mechanism to account for the predominance of oblate strains in deformed pelitic rocks. Key words Finite strain states · Compaction · Tectonic strain · Deformation gradient tensors · Deformation paths     

一株纤维素降解细菌的分离及特性研究

从造纸厂污泥中分离得到了一株能以纤维素为唯一碳源生长良好的纤维素降解菌w 3 ,经鉴定 ,该菌株为假单胞菌属 (Pseu domonassp.) ,不产色。最适生长及产酶温度为 30℃ ,产酶最适pH值为 7.5 ,生长及产酶高峰出现在 2 0h ,比文献报道的时间提前较多 ,CMC酶活为 60 μg/min。另外 ,w 3能较好地适应微碱性的环境。对造纸废水处理非常有利。     

Pilot regulation of MnP-SA for treating PTA wastewater

In the pilot study of treating the purified terephthalic acid(PTA) wastewater with the functional Strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process(CASP), the ratio of COD:TN:TP and the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn were controlled to improve the manganese peroxidase(MnP) levels for increasing the treatment efficiency. When the ratio of COD:TN:TP was 100:0.36:0.15 and the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn were 0.54, 5.07, 0.00 and 0.08 mg/L, the MnP specific activity(MnP-SA) reached 689 U/L, and the sludge loading rate to COD(SLRC) was 1.09 d^-1, which was 4--7 fold of that in other processes reported. The data indicated that improving MnP level could enhance the degradability of Fhhh. And the potentials of Fhhh and CASP will be also discussed in this paper.     

脱色酶TpmD在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及纯化

用PCR方法从嗜水气单胞菌DN322基因组中扩增出编码三苯基甲烷类染料脱色酶TpmD的基因,与表达载体pET-22b(+)连接构建成重组质粒pET22-tpmD,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)得到重组工程菌株.结果表明,经IPTG诱导,脱色酶基因可高效表达,粗酶液降解结晶紫、孔雀石绿、碱性品红、灿烂绿的比活力达到569.5,386.9,516.1,273.0U/g.表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析法一步纯化,蛋白纯度达94.05%.对4种染料的比活力分别达到1075.3,1042.8,903.9,484.3U/g,重组质粒稳定存在于工程菌中,便于规模化发酵生产.     

一株氯苯优势降解菌的降解条件优化

以氯苯降解率为降解效果指标,以降解温度、初始pH、降解时间、接种量和氯苯初始浓度为影响因素,对实验室保藏的一株氯苯优势降解菌株Lysinibacillus fusiformis LW13降解氯苯的降解条件进行优化。单因素试验结果表明,该降解菌株对氯苯的适宜降解条件分别为:温度20～40℃,pH为8.0,降解时间4 d,接种量2%～4%,氯苯初始浓度60～140 mg/L。以降解温度、氯苯初始浓度和接种量这三个显著影响因素进行正交试验,结果表明各影响因素的主次顺序为降解温度>氯苯初始浓度>接种量,最佳降解条件为降解温度35℃、氯苯初始浓度100 mg/L和接种量4%,最佳降解条件下氯苯降解率可高达93.8%。     

微囊化生物流化床降解对氯甲苯的性能优化

在生物流化床中接入微囊化菌株ycsd01,形成微囊化生物流化床。分别考察装液量、水力停留时间(HRT)、微胶囊接种量、对氯甲苯初始浓度、降解温度和降解pH值对流化床降解对氯甲苯的影响,用响应面法进一步获得了微囊化生物流化床处理对氯甲苯的最佳工艺条件。含菌微胶囊降解对氯甲苯的适宜条件为:装液量为10 L,HRT为72 h,微胶囊接种量为10%~15%,对氯甲苯初始浓度为120 mg/L,降解温度为30~35℃,降解pH值为7.0。响应面优化所得的最佳工艺条件为:pH=7.1,对氯甲苯初始浓度120.36 mg/L和微胶囊接种量11.24%,预测对氯甲苯的降解率达85.32%。     

β-甘露聚糖酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的克隆及表达

从Bacillus subtilis JNA 3-10中克隆出β-甘露聚糖酶基因成熟肽链编码序列manA1和含信号肽的β-甘露聚糖酶基因manA2,在B.subtilis 168中克隆表达,分别筛选获得高效分泌表达β-甘露聚糖酶的重组菌株BPM1001(pMA5-manA1/B.subtilis 168)和BPM1002(pMA5-manA2/B.subtilis 168),结果表明菌株BPM1002总酶活力是菌株BPM1001的9.65倍,是原始菌株的13.1倍.在基因manA2下游引入His序列克隆出β-甘露聚糖酶基因manA3,获得枯草芽孢杆菌168重组菌株BPM1003.采用Ni-NTA柱纯化重组菌株BPM1003分泌表达的β-甘露聚糖酶,并研究其酶学性质,该酶促反应的最适pH为6.5,最适温度为65℃,在37℃条件下保存一个月酶活力依然保留有77.8%.5 L发酵罐放大实验结果表明魔芋粉对于产β-甘露聚糖酶具有明显的诱导作用,酶活力最高可达2 748.82 U/mL.图9表3参19     

冻融循环作用下岩桥变形破裂及能量转化特征研究*

为研究寒区锁固型岩质边坡的破坏机制,对岩桥试件开展冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验。以数字图像相关方法为观测手段获得加载过程中的全局应变场,分析冻融循环作用对岩桥变形破裂演化特征的影响。引入能量特征指标,探究冻融岩桥加载过程中的能量耗散和释放规律。研究结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐劣化;冻融循环作用未改变最终破坏模式,均表现为剪切裂纹贯穿中部岩桥造成的失稳破坏。冻融循环作用促进应变集中带的出现和扩展,加剧裂隙周边的应变集中程度。随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件储能极限和应变能峰后转化率逐渐降低,说明冻融循环作用减缓能量耗散和释放;试件最终破坏与能量转化密切相关,储能极限和应变能峰后转化率越大,试件脆性破坏越显著。