Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and toluene in a bioreactor: Performance and characteristics of microbial community

We investigated the correlation between performance and the bacteria community composition by H2S and toluene co-treatment. Operation of the bioreactor was divided into four stages, in which the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S were gradually increased. In Stage I, toluene was the sole target compound with an average removal e ciency of 86.49%. After adding H2S in Stage II, removal e ciency of toluene decreased immediately and recovered gradually to 85.96%. When the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S was increased in Stage III and Stage IV, respectively, the average removal e ciency for toluene increased continuously from 86.31% to 87.24%. The elimination capacities of toluene increased with increasing inlet loading rates of toluene and H2S. Results of the PCR-DGGE analysis showed a turnover growth and decline of the microbial populations in the bioreactor. In Stage I, the dominant toluene-degrading bacteria mainly contained Pseudomonas sp. strain PS+ and Hydrogenophaga sp. In Stage IV, however, the dominant toluene-degrading bacteria was aciduric bacteria (Clostridium populeti). The dominant microbial community in the bioreactor enhanced the elimination capacity of toluene, and adding H2S changed the environment of microbial growth, thus resulted in an evolution of dominant microorganisms. Analyses of microbial community and their activities provides valuable information to e ciently enhance simultaneous removal of toluene and H2S in the bioreactor.     

Co3O4纳米棒的制备及其对气相甲苯的催化氧化

采用低温水热法制备棒状纳米结构的Co3O4,通过加入少量的表面活性剂（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮简称PVP）,在95℃下低温反应,并调控制备过程的老化时间、溶液的pH这2个因素合成了棒状Co3O4纳米结构.X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）表明制得的是呈立方晶体的Co3O4纳米棒,氢气程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、N2吸附脱附等表征手段表明老化时间和pH会影响Co3 O4纳米棒的尺寸、孔隙结构,进而影响其比表面积大小.采用气相甲苯作为目标物,运用气相色谱（GC）对Co3 O4的催化性能进行研究.结果表明在该实验中,调控老化时间和pH制得的Co3O4纳米棒只影响其低温降解效果,在温度低于260℃,活性最好的是pH=9,老化时间为12 h的催化剂;当温度高于260℃后,其降解曲线基本一致.     

生物滴滤塔同步降解多组分挥发性有机物的实验研究

采用定向驯化活性污泥接种生物滴滤塔(BTF)同时处理甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)混合废气,考察BTF的长期稳定运行性能及微生物平均代谢活性.结果表明,混合气进口浓度低于910mg/m3时,BTF对VOCs混合废气总去除率可维持在80%以上,BTF可高效同步净化中低浓度VOCs混合废气;当进气负荷>120g/(m3·h)时,去除负荷趋于稳定,为100g/(m3·h)左右;CO2的生成量与混合废气的去除负荷的比值为1.731,表明BTF对此3种混合废气有较高程度的矿化;BTF对甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯的降解行为符合Michaelis-Menten动力学模型,单位体积最大降解速率rmax分别是为90.9,50.5,58.5 g/(m3·h).平均吸光度(AWCD)值分析结果表明塔内微生物具有较高的代谢活性.     

脉冲调制介质阻挡放电和催化联用技术降解甲苯

利用低温等离子体处理挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)废气是目前国内外研究的热点。研究利用脉冲调制介质阻挡放电和催化联用技术降解甲苯,对比分析了连续放电和脉冲调制对去除甲苯的影响;研究了脉冲调制后在有无催化剂的情况下的能量效率,比较了两种情况下的臭氧浓度以及中间产物的不同。结果表明:脉冲调制有效提高了甲苯的降解能效,其能量效率几乎是连续放电时的2倍～3倍;在有催化剂的情况下,能量效率是没催化剂的1.5倍～2倍,臭氧浓度明显降低,结焦产物中含苯环的衍生物的量少于无催化的结焦产物。     

Removal of toluene from air streams by cobalt-copper bimetallic catalysts supported on sepiolite

Abstract

Oxidative removal of toluene using copper and cobalt bimetallic catalysts with varying molar ratios supported on sepiolite was investigated. The catalysts prepared by a deposition precipitation method and were characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, transmission electron microscope, and inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The species supported on sepiolite are Co₃O₄, CuO, and CuCo₂O₄. The activities of the tested catalysts increased in the order 0Co-4Cu/Sep <1Co-3Cu/Sep <4Co-0Cu/Sep <1Co-1Cu/Sep <3Co-1Cu/Sep. The latter exhibiting 90% toluene oxidative degradation at 288?°C within 15?h, having high selectivity towards CO₂, and being stable at 300?°C up to 15?h. In conclusion, this study showed that sepiolite has excellent properties as a support.     

改性钒基整体式催化剂的制备及其对燃煤烟气中甲苯与一氧化氮的同步去除性能

采用工业上简易可行的单组分浸渍法和多组分浸渍法制备了一系列Cu/Fe/Mo改性的钒钛基整体式催化剂,考察了不同整体式催化剂制备工艺及浸渍液浓度对催化剂在模拟燃煤烟气中对甲苯和NO同步去除的性能,并优选出适应燃煤烟气的改性催化剂制备工艺及配方.结果表明,使用单组分浸渍法制备的浸渍液浓度为0.5%的Fe改性钒钛基整体式催化剂具有最优的活性和选择性,在350℃下对甲苯和NO的转化率分别达到99%和94.9%,对CO_x和N₂的选择性分别为88%和96.4%,XRD和SEM-EDS-Mapping结果表明,改性组分（Cu/Fe/Mo）均匀分散在钒基整体式催化剂表面,Fe改性材料具有最大的比表面积和孔容,因而可提高甲苯和NO的同步脱除性能.     

两种放电模式降解甲苯的原位红外研究

采用原位红外对比研究连续放电法和吸附存储-放电法两种降解方式下,γ-Al2O3、Ag/γ-Al2O3、NiO/γ-Al2O3三种催化剂上甲苯的吸附和降解反应,对该过程中催化剂表面中间产物的变化以及催化剂对甲苯降解的作用进行考察.结果表明,吸附存储-放电法要优于连续放电法,其中间产物的种类相对减少,未检测到胺类物质;主要原因是吸附存储-放电模式下的催化剂可以有效利用等离子体产生的活性物种,使中间产物迅速脱附转化.对比γ-Al2O3、Ag/γ-Al2O3、NiO/γ-Al2O3三种催化剂对甲苯的降解作用,结果显示Ag、NiO的添加能有效减少中间产物的累积,其中NiO/γ-Al2O3表现出更良好的效果.     

N235萃取含盐酸性废水中的盐酸

以N235为萃取剂、甲苯为稀释剂萃取模拟含盐酸性废水(简称废水)中的盐酸。最佳实验条件为:振荡时间20 min,初始废水中盐酸浓度0.75～2.45 mol/L,V(N235):V(N235+甲苯)=0.3～0.7,V(N235+甲苯):V(废水)=0.5～1.0。在初始废水中盐酸浓度为1.00 mol/L、不含无机盐、V(N235):V(N235+甲苯)=0.4、V(N235+甲苯):V(废水)=1.0的条件下,振荡20 min后萃取液中盐酸浓度为0.80 mol/L、n(盐酸):n(N235)=0.88。当废水中氯化钠浓度大于2.0 mol/L时,氯化钠的加入对N235萃取盐酸有促进作用;硫酸钠的加入对N235萃取盐酸具有抑制作用。     

Tween-20胶束溶液对甲苯的增溶吸收作用规律及预测

以Tween-20非离子表面活性剂及助表面活性剂混合溶液作为吸收剂,增溶吸收甲苯有机废气,根据增溶实验测定的表观亨利系数预测甲苯吸收容量,结果表明,当表面活性剂浓度大于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时增溶吸收效果显著,溶质的表观溶解度与表面活性剂浓度呈正比关系;助表面活性剂可以不同程度的提高表面活性剂溶液的增溶能力,其规律为正丁胺>正丁醇>正丁酸;利用表观亨利系数预测吸收剂吸收容量的平均相对偏差分别为7.34%和8.85%,预测方法可行.     

包气带不同深度土壤对甲苯和三氯乙烯的吸附研究

采用批实验研究了华北平原地下水中检出率较高的三氯乙烯和甲苯在沿污水河包气带不同深度土壤中的吸附情况。从3个地点分析结果来看,其中有机碳（OC）的质量分数均较低（最高为1.01%）。在河床和近河处土壤对甲苯和三氯乙烯的吸附总体上呈现出浅部土壤吸附性强的特点。在实验浓度范围内,土壤中无机矿物对有机污染物（特别是三氯乙烯）的表面吸附扮演了重要角色。土壤对甲苯的吸附表现出了强烈的非线性,而对三氯乙烯的吸附表现出了良好的线性关系。甲苯的吸附与土壤有机碳质量分数的关系要比三氯乙烯更密切,这说明了吸附作用过程与有机化合物的分子结构、疏水性等方面的性质也有关系。