Comparison of dynamic adsorption/desorption characteristics of toluene on different porous materials

Four different types of adsorbents, SBA-15, MCM-41, NaY and SiO₂, were used to study the dynamic adsorption/desorption of toluene. To further investigate the influence of pore structure on its adsorption performance, two SBA-15 samples with different microspores were also selected. It is shown that microporous material NaY has the largest adsorption capacity of 0.2873 mL/g, and the amorphous SiO₂ exhibits the least capacity of 0.1003 mL/g. MCM-41 also shows a lower break through capacity in spite of the relatively small pore diameter, because it can not provide the necessary small geometric confinement for the tiny adsorbates. However, the mesoporous SBA-15 silica with certain micropore volume shows relatively higher adsorption capacity than that of MCM-41 silica. The presence of micropores directly leads to an increase in the dynamic adsorption capacity of toluene. Although NaY has the highest adsorption capacity for toluene, its complete desorption temperature for toluene is high (>350℃), which limits its wide application. On the contrary, mesoporous silica materials exhibits a good desorption performance for volatile organic compounds at lower temperatures. Among these materials mesoporous SBA-15 samples, with a larger amount micropores and a lower desorption temperature, are a potentially interesting adsorbent for the removal of volatile organic compounds. This behavior should been related with the best synergetic effect of mesopores and micropores.     

Synergistic effects of non-thermal plasma-assisted catalyst and ultrasound on toluene removal

A wire-mesh catalyst coated by La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ was combined with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for toluene removal at atmospheric pressure. It was found that toluene removal efficiency and carbon dioxide selectivity were enhanced in the catalytic packed-bed reactor. In addition, ozone and nitrogen monoxide from the gas effluent byproducts decreased. This is the first time that ultrasound combined with plasma has been used for toluene removal. A synergistic effect on toluene removal was observed in the plasma-assisted ultrasound system. At the same time, the system increased toluene conversion and reduced ozone emission.     

冠醚涂层压电石英晶体传感器对甲苯、二甲苯的检测研究

根据冠醚化合物的结构特点和主－客体分子适应原理以及选择性吸附中性分子的特性,本文首次选用冠醚作为压电晶体传感器的敏感涂层,对甲苯和二甲苯进行检测研究,显著出良好的吸附可逆性和较高的灵敏度,稳定性、重现性好,线性响应较宽,对石油裂解气中低子烃类及低浓度的ＣＯ２、ＳＯ２和ＮＨ３都不产生干扰作用。     

生物过滤塔降解挥发性有机物动力学模型

提出了挥发性有机物(VOCs)生物降解新机理——吸附传递生物降解机理,建立了模型动力学方程,选择活性炭为滤料,以甲苯为VOCs代表,求取模型参数,获得了VOCs生物降解经验方程,并验证了模型的正确性。      

不同催化剂在等离子体空气净化器中的应用

实验证明利用等离子体技术去除室内空气中的挥发性有机物,在合适的流量和较高的放电电压下,可以达到90%以上的去除效果。但是如果对其产生的臭氧、CO等气体不加以处理,会对室内空气造成二次污染。本研究以等离子体技术净化室内空气后产生的尾气为研究对象,考察利用催化转化技术去除这类尾气的效果,并探讨合适的后置催化剂和催化温度。     

高流量负荷下甲苯废气生物净化过程的动力学模拟研究

以轻质陶块为填料,探讨了生物膜填料塔净化处理高流量负荷下低浓度甲苯废气的生物净化过程,并依据“吸附一生物膜”理论建立相关的动力学模型。经采用实验室数据对影响过程进行模拟,对比验证结果,表明该模型的模拟计算值和实验值之间均有很好的拟合性,从而验证了模型的正确性。     

甲苯二胺对厌氧微生物活性的影响

以相对产甲烷活性(RA)和COD去除率为指标,考察不同浓度甲苯二胺对厌氧污泥微生物活性的影响。实验结果表明:甲苯二胺质量浓度为0~150 mg/L时,RA接近100%甚至高于100%,COD去除率为91%~93%,与对照组无差别,对厌氧微生物几乎没有抑制作用;当甲苯二胺质量浓度为200~400 mg/L时,RA为75%~95%,COD去除率与对照组相比下降了2~6个百分点,属于轻度抑制;当甲苯二胺质量浓度高于400 mg/L时,RA在70%以下,COD去除率降至85%以下,属于中度抑制;且随着甲苯二胺质量浓度增大,RA减小、COD去除率减小,抑制作用增强。因此,为了防止甲苯二胺对厌氧污泥微生物活性的抑制,甲苯二胺质量浓度应控制在0~150 mg/L。     

Characterization of products from photooxidation of toluene

Photooxidation reaction of toluene in smog chamber systems was initiated by the UV radiation of tolucne/CH5ONO/NOx mixtures. The products of the photooxidation reaction of toluene and its subsequent reactions were analyzed directly utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR）. Detailed assignments to FTIR spectrum of gas-phase products were given. The information of some important functional groups in the products, such as, carbonyl groups （C-O）, hydroxyl groups （-OH）, carboxylic acid （- COOH）, C-C bonding, N O bonding and C-H bonding （C H）, was got from this analysis. These results were compared to those analyzed by aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer （ATOFMS）. It was found that there are some differcnccs between FTIR analysis of gas-phase products and that of particle-phase, for example, the products with carbonyl groups, which were connected to unsaturated chemical bonds, was relatively higher in the gas phase, while kctoncs, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and organonitrates were the dominant functional groups in the aerosol-phase reaction products. The possible reaction pathways of some important products in the gas phase were also discussed.     

生物膜法净化甲苯二甲苯混合废气的研究

在生物滴滤器中对低质量浓度甲苯、二甲苯混合废气的净化性能进行试验研究。结果表明:甲苯、二甲苯的净化率均随入口浓度增加而降低,同样条件下二甲苯净化率明显低于甲苯;单负荷进气且气体流量为200L/h时,甲苯最大生化降解量为79.5g/(m3.h),二甲苯最大生化降解量为47.5g/(m3.h);多负荷进气由于竞争抑制作用导致两者净化程度均有所降低。维持甲苯、二甲苯质量浓度不变,两种废气的净化率η均随气量的增加而减少;在气量为260L/h时,两种化合物生化降解量均达到最大值,适宜停留时间为119s。     

GC-MS在电子束辐照降解甲苯中的应用

用甲苯作为挥发性有机化合物的代表物质,建立了活性炭吸附-二硫化碳解吸气相色谱-质谱分析方法,对电子束辐照甲苯的静态实验和动态实验进行了定性、定量分析。实验结果表明：电子束辐照能有效地降解甲笨,其降解率随吸收剂量的增加而增大;同时,甲苯降解过程中也会生成部分有毒有害物质。该分析方法的检出限为0．02mg／L,工作曲线的线性范围为10～1000mg／L,相关系数为0．9998,活性炭吸附、解吸甲苯的加标回收率大于90％。