无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其对甲苯的吸附性能

以硅溶胶为黏结剂,将粗孔硅胶、聚乙二醇、拟薄水铝石、ZSM-5晶种导向剂捏条成型,采用干胶转化法制备得到了无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛。XRD和SEM等表征方法的结果显示,采用干胶转化法制备得到的ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度较高,具有200nm左右的小晶粒构成的自支撑结构。采用无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛吸附剂进行甲苯吸附-脱附实验,该吸附剂表现出良好的吸附性能,对甲苯的脱附性能优于活性炭。     

Biochemical study of retired pentachlorophenol workers with and without following dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs

Objectives

This is the first research study to compare among female, non-smoker workers: (a) the exposure to benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTXs) in urban air during work in the street (traffic policewomen, TP) vs. work in vehicles (police drivers, PD); (b) the exposure to BTXs in urban environments (in street and in car) vs. rural environments (roadwomen, RW); (c) the values of blood benzene, urinary trans, trans muconic acid (t,t-MA) and urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in urban areas (in street and in car) vs. rural areas.

Methods

Passive personal samplings and data acquired using fixed monitoring stations located in different areas of the city were used to measure environmental and occupational exposure to BTXs during the work shift in 48 TP, 21 PD and 22 RW. In the same study subjects, blood benzene, t,t-MA and S-PMA were measured at the end of each work shift.

Results

Personal exposure of urban workers to benzene seemed to be higher than the exposure measured by the fixed monitoring stations. Personal exposure to benzene and toluene was (a) similar among TP and PD and (b) higher among urban workers compared to rural workers. Personal exposure to xylenes was (a) higher in TP than in PD and (b) higher among urban workers compared to rural workers. Blood benzene, t,t-MA and S-PMA levels were similar among TP and PD, although the blood benzene level was significantly higher in urban workers compared to rural workers. In urban workers, airborne benzene and blood benzene levels were significantly correlated.

Conclusions

Benzene is a human carcinogen, and BTXs are potential reproductive toxins at low dose exposures. Biological and environmental monitoring to assess exposure to BTXs represents a preliminary and necessary tool for the implementation of preventive measures for female subjects working in outdoor environments.     

流化床微波解吸载甲苯活性炭研究

利用微波作为加热手段,采用椰壳基颗粒活性炭(GAC)为吸附剂,经吸附甲苯达饱和后进行流化床微波解吸实验.结果表明:(1)前4 min,轻微流化状态下的甲苯浓度总体小于中等流化状态;4 min后,轻微流化状态下的甲苯浓度逐渐大于中等流化状态.轻微流化状态下的甲苯解吸效果不理想,与中等流化状态有很大差距.流化床微波解吸适宜...     

甲苯对铁屑降解三氯乙烯的影响

为了探讨甲苯仔任时铁屑降解三氯乙烯（TCE）的有效性及影响因素,考察了铁屑粒径、铁屑预处理方法及甲苯初始质量浓度对TCE降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：选用粒径0．35—0．83mm的铁屑较好;用0．05mol／L的盐酸清洗后的铁屑对TCE的降解效果好于未进行酸洗的铁屑对TCE的降解效果;当m（甲苯）：m（TCE）分别为0,1．2,10．3,18．6时,TCE降解的反应速率常数分别为0．0691,0．0595,0．0458,0．0361h^-1,半衰期分别为10．03,11．65,15．13,19．20h,即随着甲苯初始质量浓度的提高,TCE降解的反应速率常数变小,半衰期变长;铁屑对甲苯具有吸附作用,甲苯的初始质量浓度越高,甲苯吸附量越大。     

微波辐照载甲苯活性炭升温研究

研究了微波功率、活性炭量和载气速度3个因素对载甲苯活性炭在微波场中升温行为的影响,并应用数值模拟,发现活性炭在微波场中的升温可以分为2个阶段,其中第1阶段升温较快,可以用线性关系式描述,而第2个阶段升温较缓慢,可以用对数函数描述.     

甲苯废气的生物膜法净化处理研究

采用国内现有微生物菌种挂膜接种的生物膜填料塔净化低浓度有机废气是可行的。初步实验研究结果表明,增加口气体甲苯浓度和气体流量,同时减小循环液体喷淋量,可使甲苯的生经去除量增大,每Ｌ体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达１５７．１３ｍｇ／ｈ。     

Adsorption of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers on multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxidized by different concentration of NaOCl

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated and oxidized by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. The untreated MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs were employed as adsorbents to study their characterizations and adsorption performance of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (TEX) in an aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of MWCNTs were greatly affected after oxidation, which influences TEX adsorption capacity. The 3% NaOCl-oxidized MWCNTs shows the greatest enhancement in TEX adsorption, followed by the 30% NaOCl. More interestingly, the 15% NaOCl-oxidized MWCNTs has lower adsorption capacities than untreated MWCNTs. The adsorption mechanism of TEX on treated MWCNTs is attributed to the combined action of hydrophobic interaction, π-π bonding interaction between the aromatic ring of TEX and the oxygen-containing functional groups of MWCNTs and electrostatic interaction. 3% NaOCl solution could not only introduce much oxygen-containing functional groups on MWCNTs, but also lead to less damage for the pore structure. This suggests that the CNTs-3% NaOCl is efficient adsorbent for TEX and that they may possess good potential for TEX removal in wastewater treatment.     

Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl2

A series of activated carbons with high surface area were prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation with ZnCl2. In this research the carbonization stage was carried out at 500℃. The performance of the synthesized carbons evaluated in adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas. The influence of impregnation ratio on the characteristics of synthesized activated carbons as well as their adsorption capacity was investigated. The ratio of activation agent to walnut shell was selected in the range of 0.5-2.0 wt/wt. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The highest activated carbon production yield was obtained at impregnation ratio of 1.5 wt/wt. The XRD analysis illustrated that peaks intensity decreased with increasing impregnation ratio showing that amorphous property of samples was increased. The SEM analysis revealed successful pore development in synthesized activated carbons obtained at high impregnation ratios. The surface area of the activated carbons increased with increasing impregnation ratio and its maximum value reached 2643 m2.g 1 at impregnation ratio of 2/1. FTIR analysis indicated that the relative amount of different acidic surface groups on synthesized carbons was a function of impregnation ratio. Experimental results for benzene and toluene adsorption showed a high potential of employing synthesized impregnated activated carbon for treatment of waste gas. Generally, the amount of VOC adsorbed on the surface was affected by physicochemical properties of synthesized activated carbons.     

复合生物法净化SVE尾气研究

鉴于目前土壤修复过程中广泛采用的气相抽提系统技术(SVE)相应尾气净化技术的缺失,为有效提高气相抽提系统技术后端尾气净化效率,提出采用复合生物法净化SVE尾气。以甲苯为目标污染物,以活性炭为主要填料,利用焦化污水处理厂的活性污泥接种挂膜研究了生物过滤反应器对模拟气体的净化性能及其影响因素(包括进气流量、停留时间、入口浓度、入口体积负荷),并将复合生物法与活性炭吸附法进行了性能比较。实验结果表明:生物过滤反应器的去除效率随进气流量的增大而降低,随气体停留时间的延长而提高,随入口浓度的增大而降低,反应器的体积去除负荷随入口体积负荷的增大而增大,这说明生物过滤反应器能有效去除甲苯废气,且去除效果优于活性炭吸附法。     

DBD降解氮中甲苯气体产生的二次有机副产物检测

为了研究低温等离子体降解有机废气过程中产生的二次有机副产物的形成机理及其影响因素,以介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生的低温等离子体降解氮中甲苯气体为研究对象,利用质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪(PTR-TOF-MS)实时在线检测降解尾气中有机副产物的成分及其浓度,分析了二次有机副产物形成的机理,探讨了影响二次有机副产物生成的关键因素.研究发现,氮中甲苯低温等离子体降解尾气中主要的有机副产物为HCN和CH3CN,其浓度与待降解甲苯的平均可资用能有关.由平均可资用能的测试分析可知,在DBD有机物降解装置、电源输入功率、降解气体流量等参数确定的情况下,待降解有机物存在一个浓度极值,大于该浓度极值将使得降解尾气中有机副产物的浓度明显增加.在低温等离子体降解装置参数确定的情况下,控制待降解有机物的浓度是减少有副产物产生的有效手段和方法.