CuMnOx／γ-Al2O3及稀土助剂对VOCs催化燃烧性能的影响

利用浸渍法制备了Cu—Mn复合氧化物催化剂和加入不同稀土含量的Cu—Mn复合氧化物催化剂,通过实验优选出加入稀土催化剂中稀土含量的最优配比,以气相色谱为检测手段,考察了加入稀土和不加稀土催化剂的催化燃烧性能,结果表明,加入稀土的催化剂T99（催化处理效率达到99％时的温度）比不加稀土的催化剂降低30～40℃,具有更好的低温活性,且对多种VOCs均能降低反应温度。     

流向变换反应器中Pd/Zr-Mn-O/载体催化剂对甲苯的催化燃烧

在流向变换催化燃烧反应体系中,通过操作参数(甲苯浓度、空速及切换周期)对热波形状与特征参数(波峰温度、平均温度和移动速度)影响的考察,结果表明,较佳的操作参数为:甲苯浓度800～3 200 mg/m3,空速2 000～12 000h-1,切换周期2～10 min,空速和甲苯浓度对热波移动速度的影响较大,热波波峰温度和反应器平均温度随着甲苯浓度的增加而增加,随着切换周期的缩短而升高,随着空速的增加先升高后降低,与固定床装置相比,在流向变换装置中催化剂的活性更高,甲苯去除率在96.5%以上。     

CuMnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3及稀土助剂对VOCs催化燃烧性能的影响

利用浸渍法制备了Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂和加入不同稀土含量的Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂,通过实验优选出加入稀土催化剂中稀土含量的最优配比,以气相色谱为检测手段,考察了加人稀土和不加稀土催化剂的催化燃烧性能,结果表明,加入稀土的催化剂T_(99)(催化处理效率达到99%时的温度)比不加稀土的催化剂降低30～40℃,具有更好的低温活性,且对多种VOCs均能降低反应温度。     

石化污泥混合菌降解高温甲苯废气的研究

以石化污泥为菌源,采用好氧振荡培养法对温度在30℃-60℃、浓度《52 mg·l-1的甲苯废气进行降解实验研究.结果表明:混合菌对甲苯的生化降解能力随甲苯浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低;降解效率则随浓度的增大而减小,随温度的升高也降低.逐渐升温对甲苯的降解性能优于直接升温.球状菌是降解高温甲苯的优势菌种.     

电子束辐照分解甲苯的初步实验研究

进行了电子束辐照分解甲苯的静态实验研究,实验结果表明,电子束辐照能够有效地分解甲苯,在850keV、11kGy电子束的辐照下,初始质量浓度为1 000~3 000m g/m3的甲苯去除率可以达到77%以上,且甲苯去除率随吸收剂量的增加而提高。甲苯辐照分解的主要产物是苯甲醛和甲酸,此外还有少量苯、苯酚等。进一步验证了.OH在甲苯分解中的重要作用。     

Cometabolic microbial degradation of trichloroethylene in the presence of toluene

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a common groundwater pollutant, was cometabolized by microorganisms in the presence of toluene as a growth substrate. The effect of concentrations of toluene and TCE and temperature on biodegradation was discussed. Acclimated microorganisms degraded TCE after a lag period of 5 to 22 h depending on toluene concentrations. Approximately 60%, 90% and 04% of TCE were degraded at toluene to TCE concentration ratios of 23 : l, 115 : 1 and 230: l, respectively. At a TCE concentration of 1.46 μg/ml, 80% of TCE and 98.4% of toluene were removed. But less degradation of TCE and toluene was observed when TCE concentration was above 48.8 μg/ml. The lag time of TCE decreased and the TCE biodegradation rates increased with the increase of temperature.     

边流效应对固定床吸附容量的影响

以甲苯气体为例,低浓度有机污染物在活性炭固定床吸附器内受边流效应影响的吸附过程。结果表明,由于边流效应影响,吸附床层死层增加,吸附容量减少,对直径０．３６ｍ,高径比为２．５的固定床,固定床甲苯吸附量损失可达１．７８ｋｇ,吸附层高度损失０．１２ｍ。     

甲苯池火灾热辐射数值模拟

文中用CFD技术对甲苯池火灾进行数值模拟,首先对甲苯火焰进行数值计算,得到在稳定的横向风条件下,甲苯燃烧的峰温、产物组分、瞬时速度等火焰特征参数以及其空间分布情况：火焰温度的最高点在对称面y=0上,最高温度为1778K,火焰倾斜角度为26°（与竖直方向夹角）,火焰高为22.5m。然后应用CFD软件F luent对池火灾进行热辐射模拟,模拟结果表明：对于锰钢材料、内径为20m甲苯储罐,稳态有风池火灾情况下,相邻两储罐之间安全距离在上风向为59m,下风向为72m。由于描述燃烧过程和湍流情况的数学物理模型还不太完善、对大气状况的简化等原因,结果偏保守,文中对此进行了分析讨论。此项研究为CFD技术研究碳氢化合物火灾的一个尝试。     

Benzene, toluene and xylenes levels in new and used vehicles of the same model

The aim of this work was to determine the level of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and m, p-xylene （BTX） in air samples collected from the cabins of new and used vehicles of the same model. Ten new vehicles were examined in order to check interior emission from materials used to equip the passenger compartment. In order to compare and define the impact of exhaust gases, air samples were also collected from two used cars, at different mileages （up to 20,000 kin）. All vehicles tested were of the same type. Samples were collected onto Carbograph 1TD sorbent, thermally desorbed and examined with the use of gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass spectrometry detectors. All results obtained were referred to Polish and German requirements for indoor air quality （both in public buildings and in workspace environments）. Average benzene, toluene, o-xylene and m, p-xylene concentrations in new cars were determined at the level of 11.8 μg/m^3, 82.7 μg/m^3, 21.2 μg/m^3 and 89.5 μg/m^3, respectively. In the used cars, BTX concentration increased with increasing vehicle mileage. The most significant increase of BTX concentration was observed above 11,000 km mileage.     

Optimization of Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Procedure for Trace Analysis of Toluene

This study describes optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector for toluene at trace level in spiked urine. The parameters affecting the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of analytes were studied: extraction time and temperature; desorption time and temperature; addition of NaCl; and pH, volume and agitation of the sample. Optimized headspace extraction was carried out at 30 °C for 6 min in the presence of 0.2 g-m^-1of NaCl in the sample solution. Also, sample volume and sample pH were optimized at 5 ml and 7 (neutral pH), respectively. Desorption of the analytes was carried out at 250 °C for 60 s. The optimized procedure was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine; it showed good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days and 6 within-day experiments. The study also determined the accuracy, linearity and detection limits of this method.