基于小波分析的声发射信号处理

小波分析作为一种新的信号分析处理方法，可对任意信号，信号的任一时刻、任一频段进行时频分析。将小波分析用于声发射信号处理，有助于声发射技术的发展与推广应用。     

基于电网防台抗台系统的应急主题数据仓库分析与设计

为解决电网防台抗台过程中缺少应急辅助支持的问题,提出基于现有电网防台抗台系统中的业务数据,采用星型结构分析与设计“台风气象灾情”、“电网因灾（台风）损失”、“电网因灾（台风）应急资源投入”等应急主题数据仓库,充分利用、开发相关的数据探查与ETL工具实现相关的数据集成,构建相关应急主题下的多维数据模型,并开展联机分析处理（OLAP）研究工作,为相关企业和部门开展电网应急管理工作提供应急辅助支持。     

A Special Vegetation Index for the Weed Detection in Sensor Based Precision Agriculture

Many technologies in precision agriculture (PA) require image analysis and image- processing with weed and background differentiations. The detection of weeds on mulched cropland is one important image-processing task for sensor based precision herbicide applications. The article introduces a special vegetation index, the Difference Index with Red Threshold (DIRT), for the weed detection on mulched croplands. Experimental investigations in weed detection on mulched areas point out that the DIRT performs better than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The result of the evaluation with four different decision criteria indicate, that the new DIRT gives the highest reliability in weed/background differentiation on mulched areas. While using the same spectral bands (infrared and red) as the NDVI, the new DIRT is more suitable for weed detection than the other vegetation indices and requires only a small amount of additional calculation power. The new vegetation index DIRT was tested on mulched areas during automatic ratings with a special weed camera system. The test results compare the new DIRT and three other decision criteria: the difference between infrared and red intensity (Diff), the soil-adjusted quotient between infrared and red intensity (Quotient) and the NDVI. The decision criteria were compared with the definition of a worse case decision quality parameter Q, suitable for mulched croplands. Although this new index DIRT needs further testing, the index seems to be a good decision criterion for the weed detection on mulched areas and should also be useful for other image processing applications in precision agriculture. The weed detection hardware and the PC program for the weed image processing were developed with funds from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).     

OI~2-WFGD-Ⅱ烟气脱硫技术介绍

简要介绍了江苏苏源环保工程有限公司开发的OI^2-WFGD-Ⅱ湿法烟气脱硫技术的工艺特点、设备布置、技术参数、设备国产化以及技术应用。     

Techniques to separate metal from waste printed circuit boards from discarded personal computers

Waste printed circuit boards contain valuable metals such as Au, Pd, Ag, and Cu that can be reutilized and harmful elements such as Pb, Br, and Cr that must be removed from the viewpoint of environmental conservation. In this research, we examined a method that separates the materials from printed circuit boards contained in discarded personal computers. After cutting the printed circuit boards to a size of 20 × 20 mm, they were heated at 873 K under an Ar atmosphere to remove organic resins containing elements such as C, H, and N. After heat treatment, the printed circuit boards were crushed using a planetary ball mill and the pulverized powders were filtered. The fraction with a granularity of greater than 250 μm was separated into magnetic and nonmagnetic materials by a magnetic field. Because the fraction with a granularity of less than 250 μm contained 39 mass% of C, it was heated at 1273 K in an atmosphere of 95% Ar and 5% O₂ to allow carbon combustion to take place, followed by metal reduction processing at the same temperature in an atmosphere of 97% Ar and 3% H₂. The basicity of the resulting powder was adjusted and the powder was heated at 1773 K under an Ar atmosphere. The proposed method separated the slag and metal, and 80% of the valuable metals contained in printed circuit boards could be collected.     

长江流域的空间结构研究

在认识空间结构内涵与确定研究范围的基础上,运用主成分和聚类分析方法,获得了长江流域的空间分异状况。长江流域空间结构符合核心 边缘结构模式,包括3个一级核心、8个二级核心、两大跨省成长三角、1条主轴、2条辅轴、3条地方轴、1个外围区和1个边缘区。长江流域空间结构的演变,经历了低水平的离散型阶段、极化发展的非均衡阶段、扩散的多核非均衡阶段,未来将向区域一体化的高水平均衡阶段发展。从聚散原理、空间相互作用和国家宏观区域发展战略等3方面,分析了长江流域空间结构的演变机制。长江流域空间结构的优化,要从内部要素与外部力量两方面入手做3件事情。一要加快单个节点的发展和尽快形成核心区域,尤其是上游地区要构建一个以成渝为双核的兼顾南北较大范围的成长多边形;二要加快东西通道的建设和注重主轴与辅轴间的连接通道的构建或完善;三要注重基于市场一体化的区域空间治理体制的创新.     

Measuring the environmental impact of waste flow management in Brazilian apartment buildings

As biodegradable material represents approximately 70% of household waste in Brazil, any strategy to divert appreciable waste quantities from landfills of necessity has to include valorization and recycling of this material. A societal change of attitude is required to perceive this challenge. Experiments in an urban apartment building are described that produced this change of attitude with a success factor of 80%. Divided waste collection was implemented that separated at the source biodegradable from inert material. Correct collection, handling and display procedures were established. Composting of biodegradable material was carried out under the rooftop of the building as an alternative to using it as animal feed. Half of the inert material entered the reverse logistics chain and was also diverted from the landfill. Waste related material flow through the building is completely quantified, food intake and waste production are related, diversion of both biodegradable and inert waste components from the landfill is measured and the composting process is described. The landfill diversion stands at 61%, mass reduction through the composting process is 80% and matured compost is returned to residents for use in flower cages. The system has been operational for two years and stands out as a precedent in successful decentralized household waste management supported by material flow analysis. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

浅议环境突发事件应急处理的系统性与运行机制

环境突发事件应急处理要做到“万无一失”,必须动员社会上的一切力量,现有的环保系统处理这一系统工程困难较大。笔者根据多年实践经验,分析了应急处理的系统性,提出了建立环境突发事件应急处理系统的设想,探索了其运行机制。     

多参数环境自动监测数据采集传输装置研究

为加强环境自动监测系统的建设,提供了一个支持多种类型现场信息宽接入的信息采集、支持有线和无线信息传输的开放式在线数据采集传输装置.装置用标准化的工控机作为控制核心,具备模拟信号、LonWorks信号、视频信号、RS-485信号输入接口,网络通信和GPRS远程通信方式,采用Windows操作系统和数据库技术,应用方便灵活,有助于提供有效、客观的现场环境信息,实现环境自动监测与管理.