亚热带低山丘陵区土壤遥感监测图像处理

用TM图像对亚热带低山丘陵地区进行土壤遥感监测时,根据该地区的环境特点,采用线性光谱混合分解、缨帽变换、纹理提取等多种图像处理方法来突出土壤信息,消除噪声。研究结果表明,仅用TM遥感图像进行土壤分类,经过去噪处理的TM6可以使土壤分类精度提高5%以上;经过其它图像处理提取的一些图像特征对某些土壤类型表现出较强的区分能力,经线性光谱混合分解处理消除植被光谱的特征图像及其纹理对水稻土的识别精度较原图像普遍提高,缨帽变换对潴育型水稻土和测渗型水稻土有最好的分类精度,但在提高总分类精度上并没有优势,除了线性光谱混合分解图像处理方法外,其它的图像处理方法得到的特征图像加入原始图像信息能起到提高总分类精度的作用。     

信息家电远程控制系统及其安全

利用蓝牙技术构建信息家电网络,通过Internet或PSTN(公共交换电话网)对信息家电实现远程控制。笔者给出了基于蓝牙技术的信息家电网络的组成,设计了基于PSTN的远程控制系统。系统采用单片机控制,用户可使用固定电话或手机,根据系统提供的语音提示对其进行远程控制。输入初始密码,由双音多频收号器接收密码,并由系统进行验证,只有正确输入密码,用户才有权对系统进行操作,且可连续对信息家电系统中多个设备实施远程控制。初始密码验证通过后,用户可以根据语音提示很方便地进行密码的设置和修改。通过设置密码和蓝牙技术的安全机制,提供了信息家电网络和远程控制系统的安全保障。     

火灾预测的模糊马尔柯夫模型

火灾发生并不是一个严格马尔柯夫随机过程，而是一个“近似具有马尔柯夫性”的模糊马尔柯夫过程。本文在对我国55年火灾统计资料“相对化”处理的基础上，根据模糊马尔柯夫理论和方法，建立我国火灾相对变动模糊马尔可夫预测模型。根据隶属度最大原则，确定所属状态，进行火灾预测。2005年我国火灾预测值与实际值的相对误差为0．0148，表明模型具有相当高的预测精度。对我国2006年进行预测，得到火灾相对变动状态等级为微降，我国2006年的火灾发生率与2005年相比降低了0～0．1，火灾频数约为212347～235941起，预测结果可为有关部门的决策提供一定的依据。     

应用形状记忆合金-橡胶复合支座的结构隔震

对橡胶支座存在的问题进行了分析，介绍了SMA-橡胶复合支座的基本构造和工作原理，建立了设置不同支座的单自由度结构的运动方程。应用大型有限元软件ANSYS对分别设置固定支座、普通叠层橡胶支座和形状记忆合金（SMA）-橡胶复合支座这3种不同支承条件的结构进行了，单向地震作用下的隔震仿真模拟，及节点位移和加速度的时程分析。分析表明，SMA-橡胶复合支座和普通叠层橡胶支座都能有效地减小结构的位移和加速度反应，而SMA-橡胶复合支座比普通叠层橡胶支座能更有效地减小结构的绝对位移反应，防止因隔震层位移过大而导致支座失稳。     

A case study of microwave processing of metal hydroxide sediment sludge from printed circuit board manufacturing wash water

The large quantity of wash water used in the electroplating and etching process in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contains a high level of heavy metal ions (Cu⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Ni⁺⁺, Cr⁺⁺⁺, Pb⁺⁺). These potentially toxic ions are removed from the wash water effluent through a polyelectrolyte flocculation and hydroxide precipitation process during which a hydroxide sediment sludge rich in metal ions and polymers is generated. This sediment sludge possesses some unique characteristics and properties in terms of composition, fine particle size distribution, high specific surface area, and a tendency to agglomerate after drying. Direct disposal of this classified “special waste” (Department of Environment of Northern Ireland, The Special Waste Regulations, Northern Ireland, 1998) at landfill sites may cause serious soil and underground water pollution through a gradual ionic leaching process. This paper describes an experimental investigation, exploratory in nature, which employs microwave radiation for detoxification of the sediment sludge through microwave heating, drying and metal ion immobilization within the sediment solids. The effectiveness of microwave assisted binding and immobilization of the metal ions within the sediment solids was studied in conjunction with an evaluation of microwave energy efficiency in comparison to the more conventional convective heating and drying processes. Given a sufficient amount of microwave radiation, leaching of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ was reduced by 2700% and 1080%, respectively, over a period of 12 weeks, and further leaching was not detectable within six months at simulated local landfill aqueous conditions. This paper also attempts, through experimental observation, to add to the very limited understanding of the complex interactions and binding of free metal ions with the polymeric materials and metal hydroxides under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The high specific surface of the sediment solids and their adsorption properties were further explored and characterized in a study of adsorption of reactive dyes by the microwave processed solids.     

功能性低聚糖的现状与发展

介绍了功能性低聚糖的现状、生理功能、主要种类、结构、生产、特性及其应用,展望了发展前景。     

大批波纹拱壳屋顶倒塌的事故分析及其安全改进措施

波纹拱壳屋顶是一种新型的大跨轻钢结构。由于其造价低、施工期短 ,在国内已得到大规模的应用。1996年起 ,我国有几十个大跨波纹拱壳屋顶由于大风或大雪而相继发生坍塌事故 ,这类伤亡事故引起了业界的高度重视。笔者从波纹拱壳屋顶的设计理论、成型工艺、施工工艺、材质等几个方面探讨了波纹拱壳屋顶发生坍塌的原因 ,分析了影响波纹拱壳屋顶安全性能的几个主要因素 ,还提出了防止该结构倒塌的安全改进措施     

流域地表生态信息的卫星遥感图像处理技术

以福建省九龙江流域为例,利用计算机技术和遥感-GIS工具软件,探讨利用多源卫星遥感影像获取流域地表环境信息的图像处理与分析技术,列举卫星遥感可获取的流域地表生态环境专题信息。重点分析利用遥感-GIS界定流域范围的方法、流域地表覆盖状况和植被覆盖密度的卫星遥感影像处理方法。      

An assessment on the recycling opportunities of wastes emanating from scrap metal processing in Mauritius

This paper presents an assessment on the wastes namely slag, dust, mill scale and sludge resulting from scrap metal processing. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that there are various ways via which scrap metal processing wastes can be reused or recycled in other applications instead of simply diverting them to the landfill. These wastes are briefly described and an overview on the different areas of applications is presented. Based on the results obtained, the waste generation factor developed was 349.3 kg per ton of steel produced and it was reported that slag represents 72% of the total wastes emanating from the iron and steel industry in Mauritius. Finally the suitability of the different treatment and valorisation options in the context of Mauritius is examined.     

Comprehensive alarm information processing technology with application in petrochemical plant

During the abnormal plant conditions, too much information is produced due to momentary plant excursions above alarm limits. This flood of information impedes correct interpretation and correction of plant conditions by the operator. Existing techniques for the design of alarm systems mostly have weak ability to handle complex hazard scenarios and increase the probability of larger safety issues. In this paper, a comprehensive alarm information processing (AIP) technology is introduced, called multi-round alarm management system (MRAMS), including several processing strategies: AIP based on single sensor, AIP based on sensor group, root cause diagnosis based on Bayesian network, sensor fault judgment method and false alarm inhibition method. In case studies, both simulation experiment and pilot application on a real petrochemical plant are presented. Results indicate the MRAMS is helpful in improving the accuracy of correctly diagnosing the root causes and hence avoiding false and redundant alarms. By adopting this new technology, the safe and reliable operation of the plant can be achieved, and the economic loss brought by improper alarms can be reduced.