长江流域的空间结构研究

在认识空间结构内涵与确定研究范围的基础上,运用主成分和聚类分析方法,获得了长江流域的空间分异状况。长江流域空间结构符合核心 边缘结构模式,包括3个一级核心、8个二级核心、两大跨省成长三角、1条主轴、2条辅轴、3条地方轴、1个外围区和1个边缘区。长江流域空间结构的演变,经历了低水平的离散型阶段、极化发展的非均衡阶段、扩散的多核非均衡阶段,未来将向区域一体化的高水平均衡阶段发展。从聚散原理、空间相互作用和国家宏观区域发展战略等3方面,分析了长江流域空间结构的演变机制。长江流域空间结构的优化,要从内部要素与外部力量两方面入手做3件事情。一要加快单个节点的发展和尽快形成核心区域,尤其是上游地区要构建一个以成渝为双核的兼顾南北较大范围的成长多边形;二要加快东西通道的建设和注重主轴与辅轴间的连接通道的构建或完善;三要注重基于市场一体化的区域空间治理体制的创新.     

Assessing washing methods for reduction of pesticide residues in Capia pepper with LC-MS/MS

Abstract

The effects of washing treatments on removal rates of some pesticides residues (acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and formetanate hydrochloride) on pepper were investigated. Method verification was conducted through spiking pepper samples at 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 × MRL. QuEChERS method produced average recovery of 104.91% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 13.41%. LOQ values of acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and formetanate hydrochloride were estimated as 2, 10 and 5?µg/kg, respectively. Capia peppers grown in open fields were sprayed three times with pesticides. Peppers were harvested after 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of the treatments. Then the peppers were subjected to tap water, acetic acid and citric acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning treatments (for 2 and 5?min). Based on three different harvest times and two different washing durations, processing factors (PFs) and reduction rates were calculated for each washing treatment. The residues gradually decreased during washing treatments with increasing process duration. Similarly, a gradual reduction was noted with the progress of harvest times. This in turn corresponded to an increase in PF. Ultrasonic cleaning and citric acid (9%) washing were more effective than the others. Non-systemic pesticides (chlorpyrifos) were more readily removed than the systemic ones (acetamiprid). Similarly, highly soluble pesticides exhibited higher reduction.     

蜡染废水在线处理回用及热能回收工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀-ClO2脱色-砂滤-微波无极紫外光催化氧化工艺对青岛凤凰印染有限公司蜡染印花水洗废水进行处理,详细论述了该工艺的运行特点、处理及回用效果。结果表明,在进水COD及色度波动很大的情况下,处理后废水水质长期稳定达到COD100 mg/L,色度10倍,其他各项水质指标均可满足蜡染水洗工序的生产回用要求,并回收了水中的热能。废水回用率达80%,日节水200 t,节约热能折合成标准煤约为1 t,为印染行业完成节能20%,减排20%的总体目标提供了新的思路。     

MBBR-SA工艺处理模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水及污泥减量化

针对大豆深加工高浓度有机废水厌氧出水的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器-沉淀池-厌氧池(MBBR-SA)工艺进行处理,重点考察了其COD去除、脱氮以及污泥减量化的性能。处理前厌氧出水水质参数为COD 1 350～1 851 mg/L、TN 45～73 mg/L和TP 35～55 mg/L。结果表明,经过70 d的运行,在最佳水力停留时间(HRT)1.68 d与最佳回流比0.75条件下,出水平均COD、TN和NH4+-N浓度分别为91.5、12.4和11.4 mg/L,分别达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准、二级标准和一级B标准,其平均去除率分别为96.0%、87.4%和88.3%;该工艺未排放剩余污泥,其表观污泥产率为0.13,比MBBR降低了43.5%,具有明显的污泥减量化特性。     

高速列车纵向对称面气动噪声计算及外形优化

将大涡模拟法与Lighthill-Curle声学比拟理论相结合,计算了高速列车纵向对称面的气动噪声,探明了纵向对称面气动噪声的频谱特性及其变化规律,得出了车辆连接处的优化外形。结果表明,低频时,气动噪声幅值较大,随着频率升高,幅值下降。当列车运行速度一定时,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的衰减幅度越少。随着列车运行速度增加,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的增幅越小。脉动压力是气动噪声的源,在车辆连接处采用平滑的Nurbs曲线过渡,以减少列车运行过程中产生的脉动压力,能有效降低气动噪声。     

Health and Environmental Implications of Rural Female Entrepreneurship Practices in Osun State Nigeria

In rural Nigeria, food processing is mostly engaged in by women and children. Most of these processes are done using outdated technologies that make use of traditional woodstoves. This article presents the health and environmental implications of the rural female entrepreneurs involved in food processing and proffer means of bettering the lot of these women to handle these hazards. A partially structured questionnaire and focus group discussion was used to capture data from respondents. The study revealed that about 73 % of women involved in direct production of garri and palm oil processing could be at risk of early death or disability-adjusted life years from the mentioned diseases. The article concludes that the rural female entrepreneur needs to be better positioned to handle these hazards, for her health, that of her children, as well as for the environment.     

泥石流堆积模式的试验研究

泥石流的堆积形态和范围是泥石流危险区划分的重要参数,它们不仅与泥石流体浓度（Ｇｖｔ）、下游流路坡度（Ｑｕ）有关,还与流通过 坡度（Ｑｃ和冲出量有关。本文通过小型水槽试验,求得了泥石流堆积范围与形态比的堆积模式,并根据野外测量的堆积形态进行了泥石流体浓度的计算和验证,该模式可为泥石流防治工程的设计提供有科学依据的参数。     

Fungi Associated with Degradation of Wastes from Rubber Processing Industry

A study of fungi associated with wastes from a rubber processing factory was carried out. Rubber processing wastes, natural rubber waste serum (NRWS) and washing effluents were obtained from Greenpark Rubber Industries Ltd, Umutu, Delta State, Nigeria. The NRWS was collected from seepage from starks of coagulated rubber in the factory and effluents were collected from the four tanks used for washing the coagulated rubber. Three fungal species, Mucor racemous, Mucor sp. and Aspergilus niger, were isolated from the NRWS. From the effluents collected from the four wash tanks, five fungal species were isolated. Mucor recemous, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus, sp. and Rhizopus sp. Of all the species isolated, the Mucor species were found capable of utilizing NRWS as a growth substrate. Optimal growth of Mucor in NRWS was achieved at near-neutral pH of 7.1. It was also observed that as biomass of Mucor increased in NRWS, the BOD of NRWS decreased. Pollution strength of the wastes as determined by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids were found to be highest with NRWS (440 and 4520) and wash tank (A) (370 and 3520) respectively.     

斜拉索风雨激振的形状记忆合金半主动控制数值模拟分析

斜拉索风雨激振的控制是斜拉桥工程的关键技术难题之一。本文利用轴向设置的形状记忆合金(ShapeMemory Alloy,SMA)作动器,对斜拉索的风雨激振进行了半主动控制数值模拟分析,控制规则采用KOBORI开关控制。数值分析结果表明,SMA半主动控制可有效的控制拉索的风雨激振;SMA的设置长度及初始的应变大小对控制效果有较大的影响,SMA长度越长,初始应变越大,其控制效果越佳。对由SMA控制引起的拉索张力变化做了分析,其张力的变化很小,在可接受的范围内。研究表明,SMA作动器在参数非理想时控制效果可能有所降低,但控制的稳定性良好。     

毛皮加工清洁生产的白皮鞣制技术

研究了改性有机磷化合物在毛皮鞣制过程中的应用技术(白皮鞣制技术),替代了传统的甲醛或铬类鞣剂进行的毛皮加工生产,减少了毛皮产品及生产废液中有害物质的含量,达到了欧盟规定的技术要求,实现了环保型加工。