室内空气中颗粒状污染物的PTV测量

针对室内空气中颗粒状污染物流动特性的测量搭建了PTV测量系统,该系统由白光照明、CCD摄像头采集图像及四轨迹像点匹配算法软件构成.测量结果表明,该PTV系统具有测量室内空气中可吸入颗粒扩散与流动的速度分布、浓度分布等特性.     

基于风洞实验的冷却塔空腔区范围影响因素研究

目的基于火电厂采用"烟塔合一"排烟方式时可能由于污染物下洗造成"空腔区"内地面高浓度等问题,分析空腔区范围,以科学设置环境防护距离。方法采用相似理论,将10个"烟塔合一"火电厂及地形按几何比缩小至风洞实验室内,通过测量冷却塔后方湍流度,并对比背景湍流度的方法,分析不同冷却塔形状以及不同下垫面条件下冷却塔空腔区的尺寸。结果空腔区的高度、宽度与冷却塔高宽比存在正相关性,山地地形更有利于湍涡耗散,而使空腔区范围较平坦地形更小,厂区内大型建筑物位置会对冷却塔空腔区的范围产生影响。试验分析得出,冷却塔空腔区范围基本在冷却塔高度的2倍以内,高宽比越大,则空腔区范围越小,地形越复杂,空腔区范围越小。结论火电厂采用"烟塔合一"排烟方式时,建议优先选择高宽比大的塔型,以降低排烟冷却塔对周围环境影响的可能性。     

ExcelVBA和Access数据库对道路噪声自动监测数据统计的改进

阐述了青岛市噪声自动监测现状,针对自动噪声数据量大,噪声监测系统统计软件存在部分瑕疵的问题,利用ExcelVBA编程和Access数据库查询功能对道路自动噪声数据进行处理,实现了对自动噪声数据的快速筛选、审核,大大提高了工作效率及数据审核质量,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。     

Pd/silicalite-1: An highly active catalyst for the oxidative removal of toluene

Catalytic combustion is thought as an efficient and economic pathway to remove volatile organic compounds, and its critical issue is the development of high-performance catalytic materials. In this work, we used the in situ synthesis method to prepare the silicalite-1 (S-1)-supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs). It is found that the as-prepared catalysts displayed a hexagonal prism morphology and a surface area of 390−440 m²/g. The sample (0.28Pd/S-1-H) derived after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H₂ showed the best catalytic activity for toluene combustion (T_50% = 180°C and T_90% = 189°C at a space velocity of 40,000 mL/(g·hr), turnover frequency (TOF_Pd) at 160°C = 3.46 × 10⁻³ sec⁻¹, and specific reaction rate at 160°C = 63.8 µmol/(g_Pd·sec)), with the apparent activation energy (41 kJ/mol) obtained over the best-performing 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample being much lower than those (51−70 kJ/mol) obtained over the other samples (0.28Pd/S-1-A derived from calcination at 500°C in air, 0.26Pd/S-1-im derived from the impregnation route, and 0.27Pd/ZSM-5-H prepared after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H₂). Furthermore, the 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample possessed good thermal stability and its partial deactivation due to CO₂ or H₂O introduction was reversible, but SO₂ addition resulted in an irreversible deactivation. The possible pathways of toluene oxidation over 0.28Pd/S-1-H was toluene → p-methylbenzoquinone → maleic anhydride, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde → carbon dioxide and water. We conclude that the good dispersion of Pd NPs, high adsorption oxygen species concentration, large toluene adsorption capacity, strong acidity, and more Pd⁰ species were responsible for the good catalytic performance of 0.28Pd/S-1-H.     

基于物联网技术的跨区域气象环境污染监测系统

在气象污染方面,不同区域气象环境污染不同,各个地区的信息关联性微弱,导致现地区气象环境污染指数测量设备无法对其他区域污染信息准确检测,因此,本文通过提出以物联网技术为支持的跨区域气象环境污染监测系统,提出软硬件设计方式,系统以分层、模块、网络结构的物联网,通过以HMP45D传感器为基础的污染信息采集系统及以S3C2410处理器为基础的信息处理系统组成,各系统可单独运作,且系统设计MMA7260传感节点加速器加入到节点中,克服跨区域导致的湿度传感器误差,设计防治信号冲突软件,确保系统实用性。     

用固体废物生产高附加值产品的探讨

随着我国经济的发展和固废综合利用技术的进步,对固体废物进行深加工,赋予更多的科技含量,开发生产高附加值的产品,已经成为可能而且也十分必要。对粉煤灰、高炉矿渣、煤矸石等多种固废的深加工利用进行了一些探讨。     

交通方式对城市空间形态的影响——以芜湖市为例

城市交通方式和道路系统的布局对城市的规模和空间结构具有重大影响。以芜湖市为例，通过对不同历史时期的比较，提出了城市在水运时期的单侧带状布局、陆路时期的放射布局和综合高速交通时期的都市区三种空间布局形式。此外，借用长度-半径维数模型与关联维数模型对交通方式与城市空间形态之间的关系进行了论证和探讨。     

Emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants from household laser processing machine

Indoor air quality (IAQ) directly affects the health of occupants. Household manufacturing equipment (HME) used for hobbies or educational purposes is a new and unexplored source of air pollution. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of particulate and gaseous pollutants produced by a household laser processing equipment (HLPE). Various target materials were tested using a commercial HLPE under various operating conditions of laser power and sheath air flow rate. The mode diameters of the emitted particles gradually decreased as laser power increased, while the particle number concentration (PNC) and particle emission rate (PER) increased. In addition, as the sheath air flow rate quadrupled from 10 to 40 L/min, the mode diameter of the emitted particles decreased by nearly 25%, but the effect on the PNC was insignificant. When the laser induced the target materials at 53 mW, the mode diameters of particles were <150 nm, and PNCs were >2.0 × 10⁴ particles/cm³. Particularly, analyses of sampled aerosols indicated that harmful substances such as sulfur and barium were present in particles emitted from leather. The carcinogenic gaseous pollutants such as acrylonitrile, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and C₈ aromatics (ethylbenzene) were emitted from all target materials. In an actual indoor environment, the PNC of inhalable ultrafine particles (UFPs) was >5 × 10⁴ particles/cm³ during 30 min of HLPE operation. Our results suggest that more meticulous control methods are needed, including the use of less harmful target materials along with filters or adsorbents that prevent emission of pollutants.     

Distribution of copper,silver and gold during thermal treatment with brominated flame retardants

The growing consumption of electric and electronic equipment results in creating an increasing amount of electronic waste. The most economically and environmentally advantageous methods for the treatment and recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) are the thermal techniques such as direct combustion, co-combustion with plastic wastes, pyrolysis and gasification. Nowadays, this kind of waste is mainly thermally treated in incinerators (e.g. rotary kilns) to decompose the plastics present, and to concentrate metals in bottom ash. The concentrated metals (e.g. copper, precious metals) can be supplied as a secondary raw material to metal smelters, while the pyrolysis of plastics allows the recovery of fuel gases, volatilising agents and, eventually, energy. Indeed, WEEE, such as a printed circuit boards (PCBs) usually contains brominated flame retardants (BFRs). From these materials, hydrobromic acid (HBr) is formed as a product of their thermal decomposition.In the present work, the bromination was studied of copper, silver and gold by HBr, originating from BFRs, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Tetrabromobisphenol A-Tetrabromobisophenol A diglycidyl ether (TTDE) polymer; possible volatilization of the bromides formed was monitored using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a laboratory-scale furnace for treating samples of metals and BFRs under an inert atmosphere and at a wide range of temperatures. The results obtained indicate that up to about 50% of copper and silver can evolve from sample residues in the form of volatile CuBr and AgBr above 600 and 1000 °C, respectively. The reactions occur in the molten resin phase simultaneously with the decomposition of the brominated resin. Gold is resistant to HBr and remains unchanged in the residue.