Mandible shape in hybrid mice

Hybridisation between closely related species is frequently seen as retarding evolutionary divergence and can also promote it by creating novel phenotypes due to new genetic combinations and developmental interactions. We therefore investigated how hybridisation affects the shape of the mouse mandible, a well-known feature in evo–devo studies. Parental groups corresponded to two strains of the European mouse sub-species Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. Parents and hybrids were bred in controlled conditions. The mandibles of F₁ hybrids are mostly intermediate between parental phenotypes as expected for a complex multigenic character. Nevertheless, a transgressive effect as well as an increased phenotypic variance characterise the hybrids. This suggests that hybridisation between the two subspecies could lead to a higher phenotypic variance due to complex interactions among the parental genomes including non-additive genetic effects. The major direction of variance is conserved, however, among hybrids and parent groups. Hybridisation may thus play a role in the production of original transgressive phenotypes occurring following pre-existing patterns of variance.     

基于AHP&MLR的流程制造企业循环经济综合评价与实证分析——一项铝加工企业的案例研究

针对传统企业循环经济评价重物质、轻价值;重通用、轻特定;重数理、轻实践的不足,文章以资源流转平衡为核心,以铝加工企业资源的物质流转路线为基础,通过描绘并追踪其生产流程过程的资源投入、消耗、产出及废弃的价值信息,从投入、消耗与循环、输出3个环节构建循环经济评价指标,采用层次分析法和多元线性回归法综合评价方法对其循环经济发展进行了综合分析与评价,其评价的基本原理和方法可供冶金、建材、造纸及食品加工等高污染高能耗行业借鉴。     

醇和酚类污染物对欧洲林蛙蝌蚪及梨形四膜虫毒性的定量结构-活性模型

醇和酚类等有机化合物作为重要的工业原料,广泛应用于医药卫生、有机合成、食品工业等领域,但生产中排放于环境的这些物质,会对生物造成一定的毒性作用。为建立包含醇和酚类有机污染物对欧洲林蛙蝌蚪及梨形四膜虫毒性的定量结构-活性相关性模型,计算了227种有机污染物的分子连接性指数和分子形状指数,优化筛选了分子连接性指数的0X、1X、2X、4X和5Xc、分子形状指数的K1和K2共7种参数,将这7种结构参数作为神经网络输入层变量,110种有机污染物对欧洲林蛙蝌蚪的毒性值作为输出层变量,采用7:8:1的网络结构方式,构建了令人满意的对欧洲林蛙蝌蚪毒性的神经网络预测模型,方程总相关系数r为0.988,毒性预测值与实验值之间的平均误差为0.14。为检验指数的普适性,同样用这7个结构参数与117种醇和酚类化合物对梨形四膜虫的毒性进行分析,所得神经网络模型的总相关系数达到0.997,对梨形四膜虫毒性的预测值与实验值之间的平均误差仅为0.065,结果表明,所建模型具有良好的预测有机污染物对林蛙蝌蚪及梨形四膜虫急性毒性的能力。     

Automated detection of frog calls and choruses by pulse repetition rate

Anurans (frogs and toads) are among the most globally threatened taxonomic groups. Successful conservation of anurans will rely on improved data on the status and changes in local populations, particularly for rare and threatened species. Automated sensors, such as acoustic recorders, have the potential to provide such data by massively increasing the spatial and temporal scale of population sampling efforts. Analyzing such data sets will require robust and efficient tools that can automatically identify the presence of a species in audio recordings. Like bats and birds, many anuran species produce distinct vocalizations that can be captured by autonomous acoustic recorders and represent excellent candidates for automated recognition. However, in contrast to birds and bats, effective automated acoustic recognition tools for anurans are not yet widely available. An effective automated call-recognition method for anurans must be robust to the challenges of real-world field data and should not require extensive labeled data sets. We devised a vocalization identification tool that classifies anuran vocalizations in audio recordings based on their periodic structure: the repeat interval-based bioacoustic identification tool (RIBBIT). We applied RIBBIT to field recordings to study the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) of temperate North American grasslands and the critically endangered variable harlequin frog (Atelopus varius) of tropical Central American rainforests. The tool accurately identified boreal chorus frogs, even when they vocalized in heavily overlapping choruses and identified variable harlequin frog vocalizations at a field site where it had been very rarely encountered in visual surveys. Using a few simple parameters, RIBBIT can detect any vocalization with a periodic structure, including those of many anurans, insects, birds, and mammals. We provide open-source implementations of RIBBIT in Python and R to support its use for other taxa and communities.     

基于视频监控系统的突发灾害应急评估技术可行性研究

突发灾害救援工作的展开依赖于快速有效的应急损失评估,其技术过程是指快速获取因突发灾害而造成的各类工程结构物的破坏和人员伤亡等灾害现场信息。为此,提出利用广泛布设于城市道路、公共场所、构（建）筑物内部的视频监控设备所捕捉到的影像资料,在技术上通过计算机图像处理技术,结合灾害快速评估技术和地理信息系统（GIS）,对灾害现场以构（建）筑物为代表的工程设施进行监测,提供实时的数据处理结果和现场灾害快速评估信息,从而在最大程度上避免突发灾害救援指挥的无序性,提高应急工作效率。     

燃油流量对防火试验火焰特征的影响

为了研究燃油流量对防火试验火焰特征的影响,为防火试验方案的设计提供参考和指导,采用Ansys Fluent软件对NexGen燃烧器进行三维定常数值模拟,分析了不同燃油流量条件下的火焰特征。结果表明:燃油流量对火焰最高温度和火焰形状几乎没有影响,但对火焰长度、监测面上温度分布、7个测量点的平均温度和热流密度有很大影响,通过分析各燃油流量条件下的火焰特征,发现当空气流量为35.8 g/s时,燃油流量在2.0~2.11 g/s——即余气系数为1.15~1.22时,能够用于防火试验。     

自动化监控系统在许厂煤矿矿井水处理工程中的应用

介绍了许厂煤矿以工控机作为上位机,C200H系列PLC作为下位机,组态王6.5作为上位机监控软件以及模拟屏等组成的矿井水处理自动化监控系统,系统实现了整个工艺过程的全面监控以及处理工艺的关键环节,即自动加药和自动排泥.     

全数字化环境监测系统的研制

研究了基于B/S和C/S混合模式的全数字化环境监测系统的拓扑网络结构、逻辑结构和系列关键技术。监测系统构建了基于信号获取层、数据采集层、片区管理层和中心管理层的数据流动模型,用户客户端群由片区客户端、中心客户端和移动客户端构成,通过Interanet和Internet构建了可视化环境监控平台。提出了基于图像处理的方法和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的工业烟尘浓度和排放量的识别算法。运行实际情况表明,系统具有实时可视化监控、准确浓度排放数据、终端用户使用简单可靠、系统可扩容性好等特点。该系统可为其他大型企业的环境监测提供参考。     

计算机在工业废气监测分析数据处理中的应用

本文简要介绍了我们在工业废气监测分析数据处理编制的计算机软件的特点和应用。该软件可免除康气监测数据处理时繁琐的人工计算过程,数据处理结果能在Ｗｏｒｄ,Ｅｘｃｅｌ字表处理软件窗口编辑打印报告单。     

Marine Radar Oil-Spill Monitoring through Local Adaptive Thresholding

Marine oil spills affect the environment, economy, and quality of life for coastal inhabitants. This article presents a method of X-band marine radar oil-spill identification by considering the marine radar images of the 2010 Dalian 7-16 accident. The Prewitt operator was improved and a linear interpolation was proposed to suppress co-channel interferences. In addition, a model of a gray-intensity-correcting matrix is proposed to smooth a whole image, thus displaying the oil film more intuitively. Furthermore, a contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization method was used to increase the contrast inside and outside the oil film. Moreover, the local adaptive thresholding method was improved to segment the oil spills. The results show that the proposed method is an improvement on similar previous approaches for this task when employing X-band marine radar images. The proposed method can provide technical and theoretical bases for emergency response, damage assessment, and liability identification of oil spills.