浅谈综放开采煤层自燃火灾及其防治

综放开采作为一种特殊的采煤方法 ,其煤层自燃也有其自身的特点。笔者分析总结了综放开采煤层自燃的特点 ,以及各地点发生自燃火灾的相对难易程度 ,并从综放开采工艺和其他治理措施两个方面提出综放开采煤层自燃火灾预防和治理的方法和建议 ,指出改进综放开采工艺是预防煤层自燃火灾发生最为经济、有效的措施     

从非典事件看政府的危机管理制度创新

传染性非典型肺炎一度在世界各地迅速蔓延,是对政府的危机管理制度一次前所未有的严峻考验。这次非典危机也暴露出了我国政府危机管理制度存在的缺陷。我们必须抓住这个契机,进行政府危机管理制度的创新,以不断提升政府的危机管理能力。     

地震类突发事件中的公共财政应急机制

通过对我国地震应急组织体系及财政应对地震类灾害的流程分析,结合国外应对地震类突发事件的成功经验,分析了我国公共财政应对地震类灾害事件中存在的不足,最后通过对应急管理主体机理特征的分析,提出了公共财政应对地震类突发事件的五大机制,即公共财政日常运行机制、震前预警防范机制、震时响应机制、震后恢复重建机制和财政监督检查机制.     

Opportunities for redistributed manufacturing and digital intelligence as enablers of a circular economy

The linear production of consumer goods is characterised by mass manufacture by multinational enterprises and globally dispersed supply chains. The current centralised model has created a distance between the manufacturer and end user, limiting the opportunity for intelligent circular approaches for production and consumption. Through a mixed method approach, opportunities of circularity are explored for the consumer goods sector. The study presents four lenses to analyse three enterprises through a multi-case study approach to explore the potential of digital intelligence and redistributed manufacturing (RDM) as enablers of circular business models. In addition, the study examines whether Discrete Event Simulation can be used to evaluate the circular scenarios identified through quantifying flows of material that determine traditional economic value (cost/tonne). The mixed method approach demonstrates that, a qualitative systemic analysis can reveal opportunities for circularity, gained through implementing ‘digital intelligence’ and distributed models of production and consumption. Furthermore, simulations can provide a quantified evaluation on the effects of introducing circular activities across a supply chain.     

基于硫碳同位素研究南京北郊冬季霾事件中PM2.5来源

2015年12月27日—2016年1月6日,针对南京北郊地区一次霾事件所采PM_(2.5)样品,测定样品中水溶性离子、硫同位素与碳同位素组分含量。水溶性离子研究结果表明:该次霾事件以二次污染为主且移动源占主要地位。硫同位素分析结果表明:硫酸盐的δ~(34)S(SO_4~(2-))值的范围为4.4‰~6.8‰,平均值为5.7‰±0.7‰(n=11),结合该地潜在硫源可知,此次霾事件中硫酸盐气溶胶主要来源为机动车尾气及煤炭燃烧。PM_(2.5)中的δ~(13)C值变化范围为-28.43‰~-24.94‰,平均值为-26.62‰±1.11‰,说明碳质污染物来源主要为机动车尾气、燃煤。此外,硫、碳同位素具有较好的负相关性,结合潜在硫源、碳源可知,2016年1月1日之前,南京北郊地区大气污染源以汽油车尾气排放为主;1月1日之后大气污染源以柴油车尾气和燃煤排放为主。     

The Role of Communication in Preparation for Wildland Fire: A Literature Review

Fire regimes are needed for healthy forest ecosystems, but citizens who live parallel to public forests do not always understand or favour the mechanisms land managers use for fire prevention and preparation. One way that land managers and citizens may share concerns and overcome barriers is through effective communication, allowing both parties to adequately prepare for a wildfire event. While collaboration between land managers and citizens has been well studied, the research on communication between citizens and among land managers is less prevalent yet equally important. The lack of research on communication between these parties creates an incomplete picture of the spectrum of communication that takes place in preparation for a wildland fire event. This paper reviews the current literature on communication between and among citizens and land managers before a wildfire event.     

生态环境执法事件本体构建研究和实践应用

结合生态环境执法特点,建立生态环境执法事件本体模型,并对执法不同阶段的相关概念进行统一语义约定.该模型通过时间、环境、对象、动作、状态和语言描述六要素来描述执法事件,通过执法事件类、事件类间关系、事件推理规则和事件实例案件的四元组结构进行执法事件的表达.同时,以某热力工程公司运营的锅炉房超标排放烟气污染物的执法案件构建...     

选煤厂毛煤仓仓顶除尘方案设计

以准能公司选煤厂毛煤仓仓顶为例,对其生产工艺系统和毛煤仓仓顶污染机理进行分析.基于此,采用气固两相流理论和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了2种可行除尘方案的控尘机理,比较了各自的除尘效果.结果表明,毛煤仓顶皮带单独设置导料槽的除尘方式不能完全抑制粉尘逸出;若配合适当型号的除尘器,可在该处产生合理负压,有效控制粉尘逸出.该研究方法和手段可为选煤厂的粉尘治理提供理论和实践指导.     

洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害演变趋势及其与El Nio事件关系

为分析洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害在千年尺度序列上的演变趋势,采用统计历史洪涝记录的方法,分析了气候变化背景下洪涝灾害的响应过程,探讨了洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害同El Nio事件的关系。结果表明：近1 000 a来洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害的频度总体是趋于上升的,这种变化趋势同气候变化的趋势是一致的。研究结果显示：公元1000~1400年洪涝记录偏少,同我国东部地区尤其是中世纪暖期出现的一次200 a以上的干旱化过程有较好的对应性。1400~1800年是洪泽湖流域洪涝的多发期,这一事实同我国东部1550~1850年小冰期期间总体偏湿的环境特征相一致。分析洪涝灾害变化同El Nio事件对应性关系表明：在El Nio事件年及其次年是洪泽湖流域洪涝的多发年份。这可能是由于El Nio事件通过改变西太平洋副高的强度与位置,以及大气环流形势而引起的降水异常所致。了解洪泽湖流域洪涝的演变趋势及其同El Nio的关系对于长期防灾减灾策略具有重要的参考意义。     

Nitrogen interception in floodwater of rice field in Taihu region of China

A field experiment located in Taihu Lake Basin of China was conducted,by application of urea or a mixture of urea with manure, to elucidate the interception of nitrogen(N)export in a typical rice field through"zero-drainage water management"combined with sound irrigation,rainfall forecasting and field drying,N concentrations in floodwater rapidly declined before the first event of field drying after three split fertilizations,and subsequently tended to retum to the background level.Before the first field drying,total particulate nitrogen(TPN)was the predominant N form in floodwater of plots with no N input,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)on plots that received urea only,and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)on plots treated with the mixture of urea and manure.Thereafter TPN became the major form.No N export was found from the rice field,but total nitrogen(TN)of 15.8 kg/hm~2 was remained,mainly due to soil N sorption.The results recommended the zero-drainage water management for full-scale areas for minimizing N export.