Potential health hazard of drinking water in restaurants and tea stalls

Potable and equitable drinking water (DW) is a fundamental human right and essential for human health. This study is conducted to assess the groundwater and jar water quality of the roadside restaurants and tea stalls used for drinking by the local people around the Gazipur City area in Bangladesh. Water samples from 173 restaurants and tea stalls are collected. The physico-chemical and biological parameters are analyzed according to the guidelines and standards. The results illustrate that the color, EC, and Mn of 41%, 80%, and 62% of the samples, respectively, exceed the WHO and Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) standards. In addition, E. coli and total coliform exceeding the threshold standards are found in 47% and 64% of the water samples, respectively. The contamination of DW by fecal coliforms is confirmed and supported by prior studies, which indicates that the DW supplied in restaurants and tea stalls are unsafe because of the possible presence of pathogens. These may cause potential health hazards to consumers from various water-borne diseases. Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices, and improper disposal of wastewater are responsible for the microbial contamination of DW. So, the authorities in charge of these places should take the right regulatory steps, such as regular sanitation inspections, DW quality monitoring, hand-washing practices, and better sanitation in these places.     

Interactions of warming and altered nutrient load timing on the phenology of oxygen dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

The effects of nutrient loading on estuaries are well studied, given the multitude of negative water quality and ecosystem effects that have been attributed to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. A current gap in this knowledge involves the sensitivity of seasonal cycles of estuarine biogeochemical processes to direct (warming) and indirect influences (nutrient load timing) of climate change. We used a coupled hydrologic–biogeochemical model to investigate changes in the phenology of hypoxia and related biogeochemical processes in Chesapeake Bay under three different hydrologic regimes. Shifts to earlier nutrient load timing during idealized simulations reduced the overall annual hypoxic volume, resulting from discernable, but relatively small reductions in phytoplankton biomass and both sediment and water-column respiration. Simulated increases in water temperature caused an increase in spring/early summer hypoxic volume associated with elevated respiration rates, but an associated exhaustion of organic matter in the early summer caused a decrease in late summer/fall hypoxic volume due to lowered respiration. Warming effects on hypoxia were larger than nutrient timing effects in scenarios where warming was restricted to spring and when it was applied to all months of the year. These idealized simulations begin the process of understanding the potential impacts of future climatic changes in the seasonal timing of key biogeochemical processes associated with eutrophication.     

辽河流域氮素时空分布及其对土地利用和降雨的响应

为了制定更有效的氮污染治理措施,基于辽河流域2016～2022年国控断面水质数据,利用Spearman相关性分析和非线性拟合的分析方法并结合2020年水文气象和土地利用遥感数据,对辽河流域的氮素时空分布特征及其对不同尺度下土地利用类型和降雨的响应进行了研究.结果表明：(1)在时间上,7年来总氮浓度整体呈上升趋势,氨氮浓度呈下降趋势.总氮和氨氮浓度呈明显季节规律,其中总氮浓度在秋冬季节高,在春夏季节低;氨氮浓度在春冬季节高,在夏秋季节低.(2)空间上,总氮浓度呈西高东低分布;氨氮浓度呈中间高四周低分布.汇入支流和上游发源地总氮浓度过高,可能分别是辽河流域西部小凌河流域和饶阳河流域总氮浓度高的原因.(3)农田和城市用地是氮素升高的主要影响因素,森林对氮素具有净化作用.土地结构对总氮在小尺度、枯水有更好的解释能力,而氨氮在大尺度、丰水有更好的解释能力.(4)强降雨发生之后,氮素浓度通常在当天或雨后1～5 d内达到峰值.随着降雨强度的增加,氮素浓度呈现先增加后减少的趋势.     

森林生态系统生态资产核算的模式与方法

全球变化背景下.植被对CO2的减排作用得到了广泛关注.森林生态系统具有诸多功能,不同功能的货币化基准难以统一,是进行总体生态资产价值定量核算的制约要素.在资源、环境与生态经济原理指导下,分析相关方法评估生态系统生态资产的可行性,选择量化评估参数,并通过多种模式与方法进行估算乌鲁木齐城市2004年森林生态系统的生态资产.森林生态系统涵养水源类、生物多样性维持类、净化空气类、保护土壤类以及大气调节类生态资产分别为0.224 8×108元、10.608 8x108元、0.630 8×108元、0.2592×108元及12.9653×108元,乌鲁木齐市森林生态总资产为24.6889×108元.各类生态资产具有一定的时空差异性.城市森林生态系统生态资产估算模式及方法的研究具有重要的理论价值与现实意义.     

关于单株玉米耗水量的探讨

一株玉米一生究竟需要消耗多少水,目前尚无定论。国内外许多著作中,一株玉米一生蒸腾耗水量常常引用"200kg"这一数据。在《中国玉米栽培学》中,则提出了蒸腾耗水量为80kg/株,两者相差2.5倍。文章通过中国科学院禹城综合试验站大量的玉米农田蒸发实验数据,分析了生长在自然条件下单株玉米的蒸腾耗水量和玉米平均总耗水(包括蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量),得到如下结果:①单株春玉米的总耗水量为100kg/株左右,蒸腾耗水量为60kg/株左右;②华北平原夏玉米总耗水量为50~80kg/株,蒸腾耗水量为30~40kg/株;③只要土壤水分不出现长期干旱,土壤水分状况不会对单株玉米耗水量产生大的影响;④种植密度对单株玉米需水量产生重大影响,当玉米种植密度由5.0×10⁴株/hm²增至10.0×10⁴株/hm²时,总耗水量仅增加13.18%,而单株耗水量减少了44.48%。这些数据可供参考。     

Ochrobactrum anthropi 对苯胺的降解特性

利用自行筛选驯经的苯胺降解菌人苍白杆菌对影响胺降解的各种主要因素进行了研究。发现降解菌在３５℃,ＰＨ．下及苯胺初始浓度２００－８００ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内保持高活必在最大降解速率率达到１０．０５ｍｇ．（Ｌ．ｈ）＾－１。     

工业固体废物容量总量控制的研究

针对工业固体废物如何进行容量总量控制的问题,在研究工业固体废物中有毒有害物质污染迁移转化规律的基础上,提出了相对工业固体废物中有毒有害物质进入大气、地表水体、地下水和在生物体内积累的相对容量总量控制概念,并探讨了城市或区域工业固体废物容量总量控制的确定方法     

二甲戊乐灵降解细菌HB-7的分离及降解特性研究

利用富集培养方法 ,从环境中获得菌株HB 7,初步鉴定属于芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus) .实验结果表明 ,培养条件会影响HB 7的生长和降解二甲戊乐灵的效率 ,少量的蔗糖能促进菌体生长和降解 ;在pH为 6～ 9的范围内菌体生长量大、降解率高 ;二甲戊乐灵浓度的提高抑制了菌株的生长和降解 ,但在一定浓度范围内提高农药去除量 ;HB 7降解二甲戊乐灵的最佳培养温度是 30℃左右 .研究结果还表明菌株HB 7含有一个质粒 ,该质粒能产生降解二甲戊乐灵的酶系统 .     

新疆集中式饮用水不同水源类型放射性水平对比分析

本文调查了新疆某集中式饮用水不同水源类型总α、总β放射性水平,对不同的水源类型进行了数据对比,以为测量分析中出现的异常数据提供一个有效的鉴别依据。采集了新疆集中式饮用水不同类型水源经放化分析及测量总α、总β数值,得到新疆集中式饮用水不同水源类型放射性水平,并对不同类型的水源进行了对比分析。研究发现,总体上新疆某集中式饮用水不同水源类型的放射性水平基本处于正常环境本底范围,天然放射性核素水平未见异常;总α、总β的放射性浓度的高低是相依而存的,总α放射性浓度高的,其β的放射性浓度也高,总α放射性浓度低的,其β的放射性浓度也低;湖库型、河流型、地下水三种水源地的总α、总β的放射性浓度的高低的起因,主要包括其地理位置、水源类型等。     

氮掺杂活性炭催化湿式氧化—Ca（OH）2沉淀工艺去除草甘膦废水中的磷

用30%（w）H₂O₂溶液氧化处理活性炭（AC）,再以三聚氰胺为含氮前驱体经高温处理制得氮掺杂AC催化剂。采用催化湿式氧化（CWO）法去除草甘膦废水中的有机磷（OP）,将其彻底氧化降解为PO₄^3-,再利用Ca（OH）₂沉淀法去除总磷（TP）。表征结果显示：氮掺杂改性可在AC表面形成多种含氮碱性官能团,从而提高其对OP的催化氧化活性。实验结果表明：在温和的工艺条件下（130 ℃,1 MPa）,该催化剂对不同来源废水的OP去除率均高于90%;当m（Ca（OH）₂）∶m（TP）为20时,Ca（OH）₂沉淀可有效去除CWO出水中的TP,最终出水TP质量浓度小于5 mg/L,可有效缓解后续生化系统除磷的压力。