区域水污染物排放总量分配方法研究

污染物允许排放总量分配是水污染总量控制的重要内容 ,分配的合理与否将会直接影响到水污染控制工作的成效。本研究基于经济、社会和环境系统诸要素影响 ,设计了一种定性与定量相结合描述判断矩阵的多指标决策的层次分析法来进行排污总量分摊问题的研究。结果表明 ,该方法既克服了等比例分配方法的不公平性 ,又兼顾了各分区间的差异     

黄河内蒙古段环境容量及总量控制研究的初步探讨

水环境容量是制定水污染防治规划的基础，研究自治区重要流域水环境容量，是科学地实施以总量控制为目标，制定自治区环境与经济协调发展规划的依据。本研究将在河流断面不同水期水质常年监测的基础上，经过实施确定不同流域的水质模型参数，最终确定出流域内水环境质量，提出各区域水环境总量控制目标。     

北疆250年地表水资源变化特征及未来趋势预测

本文从北疆年轮场重建了北疆２５０年的地表水资源，探讨气候－地表水资源－年轮之间的关系，分析地表水资源的长期变化特征，预测其变化趋势，为北疆地表水资源的研究与利用提供了新的参考依据。     

鼎湖山臭氧、氮氧化物和太阳可见光辐射相互关系的研究

给出了１９９６年了在广东肇庆鼎湖山自然保护区对太阳可见光 段辐射，地面臭氧、ＮＯ、ＮＯ２浓度的观测结果，对影响地面臭氧、ＮＯ、ＮＯ２的主要因子进行了分析，并得到了较好的结果，晴天条件下，地面臭氧浓度、ＮＯ、ＮＯ２浓度有明显的日变化；阴天条件下，地面臭氧浓度、ＮＯ、ＮＯ２浓度的日变化要复杂一些。     

城市水环境非点源污染总量控制研究与应用

在调查和分析仪征市非点源污染过程中，对建成区进行网格处理，根据土地利用状况和特点，通过采样分析，确定了各网格的非点源污染负荷量和空间变化特征。在非点源污染发生的时段民假设在时间上分配均匀的点源污染负荷进行比较，分析二对区域水环境的叠加影响。     

环境污染系统的灰色投入产出模型

将投入产出模型与灰色理论结合起来，建立了以灰色预测为基础的环境污染系统灰色投入产出模型，探索了如何从污染物总量控制目标出发来规划和发展生产。     

总量控制在环境管理中应用

实施大气污染总量控制是法律的要求和市场经济发展的需要，指出容量总量控制是环境质量管理的必然趋势，总量控制研究的核心内容是确定区域允许排放量和制订区域污染综合治理方案，论述了实施总量控制的技术方法和原则，讨论了实施总量控制在社会经济发展中的作用。     

Using Demographic Invariants to Detect Overharvested Bird Populations from Incomplete Data

Abstract:  Conservation biology must be able to provide guidelines even when available data are incomplete, because data on rare and endangered species are usually limited. For instance, data on the effect of additional—human-induced—sources of mortality on vertebrate populations, such as bycatch of seabirds by longline fisheries, are typically incomplete. The importance of an additional source of mortality can be evaluated by comparing it with the maximum annual growth rate of the species of concern, and various authors have attempted to determine the maximum growth rate from incomplete data. We developed a procedure we call the "demographic invariant method" (DIM). First we determined that the maximum growth rate per generation does not vary, by recalling that it is a dimensionless number primarily independent of body weight and also by empirically establishing its near constancy over a restricted set of bird species for which reliable demographic information was available. This first step provided an implicit function linking generation time and maximum annual growth rate, from which we obtained the maximum annual growth rate as a simple function of generation time. From several different ways of obtaining estimates of generation time, we derived in turn several ways to estimate the maximum annual growth rate of a bird species from incomplete demographic data set. We applied our approach to the Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and determined from incomplete data that longline fishery bycatch has a biologically significant impact on the growth potential of Black-footed Albatross populations. Our method can be applied broadly to the conservation and management of harvested bird populations.     

Governing the termination problem in solar radiation management

ABSTRACT

Technologies for Solar Radiation Management (SRM) could limit global warming by manipulating the Earth’s radiation balance. A major objection to SRM is the termination problem: the catastrophic consequences that are likely to result from its sudden discontinuation. The termination problem limits the reversibility of policy choices and poses the risk of inadvertent or enforced program collapse. It is often considered a major impediment to the governability of SRM. In a first attempt to systematically engage with the question of institutional design for resolving the termination problem, the scenarios in which the termination problem arises as well as their respective drivers are identified. Scenarios and drivers are then used to derive institutional solutions in the form of excludable benefits, scientific oversight and phase-out mechanisms. While other objections to SRM may remain valid, it is concluded that the termination problem raises fewer challenges for international governance than is usually assumed.     

臭氧与TiO2/UV协同降解对氯苯酚

利用O3／UV、TiO2／UV和O3／TiO2／UV降解对氯苯酚表明，臭氧与TiO2／UV具有明显的协同作用，如在本实验条件下降解5min后，上述3者对对氯苯酚的去除率分别为55％、10％和77%。O3／TiO2／UV协同作用的本质是由于臭氧能带走二氧化钛光致电子空穴对中的电子，从而产生了更多的羟基自由基，加速了有机物的降解。