干旱沙区人工固沙植被演变过程中土壤有机碳氮储量及其分布特征

通过测定干旱沙区不同年代人工植被固沙区土壤剖面1 m深度容重和有机碳、全氮含量,估算了人工固沙植被演变过程中土壤有机碳和全氮储量特征及其垂直分布格局.研究表明,干旱沙区人工固沙植被演变过程中,0～100 cm深土壤有机碳和全氮储量均呈增加趋势;有机碳氮储量表现出了固沙初期的显著增加期(<16 a),随后的缓慢增加积累期(16～25 a),及后期的显著增加期(>25 a),该变化趋势主要体现在0～20 cm的表层.土壤有机碳氮储量增加程度随深度增加有降低趋势,并且表层土壤(0～20 cm)有机碳和全氮储量远大于深层土壤(20～100 cm);固沙初期土壤有机碳和全氮储量的增加体现在0～100 cm各个深度,而随后积累期主要体现在0～20 cm深度,固沙后期的增加也主要在0～20 cm深度,20 cm以下增加不明显;0～100 cm深土壤有机碳氮储量表聚性随固沙植被演变越来越明显.明确了降水<200 mm的沙区人工固沙过程中植被和土壤特征的改变对土壤有机碳氮储量及分布特征的影响,为更好地理解干旱人工植被区的碳循环特征和预测该生态系统与气候变化间的反馈关系奠定了基础.     

红枫湖特征污染物变化趋势分析

时红枫湖2004年至2007年的特征污染物总磷、总氮以及氨氮的变化趋势以及库容变化进行分析.结果表明,红枫湖总磷严重超标,所有监测垂线超标率为100%;总磷浓度年均值南湖高于北湖,五条监莉垂线由南向北总磷浓度呈递减趋势;从总磷的总量来看,四年间总磷总量增幅较大,2007年比2004年增加895.3吨.总氮、氨氮亦严重超标,年均浓度值超标率为100%,并且氨氮与总氮变化趋势一致.2004年～2007年红枫湖年平均库容量呈逐年上升趋势,但污染物总磷和总氮的浓度并没有降低,其总量也随着上升.     

珠江实污染物总量控制的意义及运作机制

实施水污染物总量控制是改善水环境质量的重要措施,在环境管理工作中将发挥巨大作用。本文通过分析珠江流域实施污染物总量控制的重要意义及其运作机制,为珠江水资源保护管理提供了一定的参考。     

3种基质对污水中总磷的吸附性能

以粒径为2~5 mm的无烟煤、活性炭和草炭3种基质为实验材料进行吸附等温线和吸附动力学实验,探讨和对比3种基质对污水中总磷的吸附性能,选用吸附效果最好的无烟煤作为玻璃柱的填料模拟土壤渗滤系统。结果表明,3种填料基质对总磷的吸附均符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线方程,通过拟合方程得出无烟煤、活性炭和草炭的最大静态吸附量分别为1.249、0.254和0.716 mg/g;用一级动力学方程拟合3种填料基质对总磷的吸附反应过程较好,相关系数都在0.900以上,无烟煤、活性炭和草炭吸附速率分别为0.025、0.023和0.014 mg/(g·h),其中经无烟煤处理过的污水,出水最清澈;在模拟土壤渗滤系统实验中,当进水浓度为3.43~8.43 mg/L,水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m2·d)时,出水中总磷平均浓度为0.08 mg/L,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级A标准,对总磷的去除率高达96.48%~99.19%。     

间歇曝气SBR处理垃圾渗滤液的脱氮性能

采用两级串联间歇曝气序批式反应器（intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactor,IASBR）处理高氨氮低碳氮比的垃圾渗滤液,研究在控温（25±2）℃,进水碳氮比（COD/TN）为3.0条件下的脱氮性能。进水氨氮（NH4+-N）和总氮（TN）浓度分别为（1 100±70）mg·L-1和（1 520±65）mg·L-1,1级和2级IASBR的水力停留时间（HRT）分别为5 d和4 d。运行结果表明,经1级IASBR处理后,出水TN浓度降低至约250 mg·L-1,其中以有机氮（TON）为主,NH4+-N浓度约25 mg·L-1;经2级IASBR处理后,出水TN和NH4+-N 浓度分别稳定在40 mg·L-1和20 mg·L-1以下,TON去除率高达90%以上。两级串联IASBR组合工艺表现出良好的深度脱氮性能,出水TN浓度稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》（GB16889-2008）中TN ≤ 40 mg·L-1的排放标准;同时,1级IASBR出水COD浓度高达1 150 mg·L-1,经过2级IASBR处理后出水COD降至约770 mg·L-1。     

我国排污权交易落实的现实要求及有效性分析

从排污权基本概念出发，在分析我国进行排污权交易必要性的基础上，提出进行交易还存在的问题，并给出相应的建议。     

A_2型高粱细胞质雄性不育系与其保持系的胞质DNA和核DNA差异

以高粱细胞质雄性不育系A2 V4 (A)及其保持系V4 (B)的总DNA为模板 ,对 184个随机引物进行筛选 ,找到6个其RAPD扩增产物在A/B间存在稳定差异的引物 .将该 6个引物同时扩增A/B的总DNA、线粒体DNA(mtDNA)及叶绿体DNA(cpDNA) .以总DNA为模板时得到 12个扩增片段 ,以mtDNA为模板时得到 4个 ,以cpDNA为模板时得到 11个 .结果分析表明 ,在这些扩增片段中 ,有 7个仅仅出现在以胞质DNA为模板的扩增中 ,有 5个在以总DNA和胞质DNA为模板时同时出现 ,即认为这 12个片段来自胞质DNA .另有 7个片段 ,在以胞质DNA为模板时未出现 ,而是仅仅出现在以总DNA为模板的扩增中 ,认为是来自核DNA .来自核DNA的 7个扩增片段中 ,有 5个来自保持系 ,有 2个来自不育系 ,这表明 ,不育系与保持系在核DNA上存在差异 .对A/B核DNA在CMS中的重要性及研究对策进行了讨论 .图 2表 4参 19     

重庆市基于排放绩效的火电行业二氧化硫总量控制研究

本文介绍了排放绩效及排放绩效方法在火电行业二氧化硫总量控制方面的应用，并对重庆市火电机组及其二氧化硫排放状况进行了全面调查，根据重庆市二氧化硫污染防治的需要制定了各时段机组“十一五”期间的排放绩效控制标准，利用排放绩效方法测算了重庆市火电行业二氧化硫总量控制目标，提出了总量配额分配方法。     

催化燃烧法处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产废气

采用催化燃烧法处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产过程排放的含乙醛、2-甲基-1，3-二氧戊烷、乙二醇的废气，用进口Pt Pd／Al2O3-CeO2球状催化剂作废气催化燃烧的催化剂。在催化燃烧反应器床层空速为20000h^-1、催化剂用量为935mL、反应器入口温度为250℃、进口废气总烃质量浓度为2555～5099mg／m^3的条件下，处理后废气的总烃质量浓度为1～38mg／m^3，远低于120mg/m^3的国家排放标准，且总烃去除率达到98．6％～100％，乙醛质量浓度小于99mg／m^3,低于125mg／m^3的国家排放标准。     

The water quality of the Vrgorska Matica River

The article presents the results of investigations carried out on the 42 km long Vrgorska Matica River, which flows through the 15 km long Vrgorsko polje (polje = field) which covers an areaof 3000 ha, and is at 24 m a.s.l., located in Southern Croatia.It covers the years 1997–2000 after this field had been reclaimed for agricultural use.The purpose of the investigations was to evaluate the influence of the Vrgorska Matica River which is part of the catchment areaof the Trebizat River, on the water quality in Modro Oko Lakeand Prud Spring, which are used for water supply and are locateddownstream of the Vrgorska Matica River on the right bank of theNeretva River.The water quality was evaluated by using the quality index basedon the following nine parameters: temperature, mineralization, corrosion coefficient, K = (Cl + SO₄)/HCO₃, dissolvedoxygen, BOD₅, total N, protein N, total phosphorus and totalcoliform bacteria (100 mL)^-1 (MPN coli (100 mL)^-1) for which concentrations C ₉₅ are calculated. After completingthe nine parameters the results of C ₉₅ were recorded andtransferred to the score table to obtain the q-value. The q-value used is an attempt to quantify environmental factors which would otherwise be qualitative. For each parameter the q-value was multiplied by a weighting factor based upon the relative significance of the parameter. The nine resulting scores values were then added to arrive at an overall water quality index (S₉₅).According to this index the water can be classified into four categories. The first category, according to the Croatian Water Classification Act (Official Bulletin No. 77,1998), includes ground and surface waters used for drinking or in the food industry either in its natural state or after disinfection, and surface water used for raising high-quality species of fish, ranging from 85–100 scores; the second category includes waterused in its natural state for swimming and recreation, sports orfor other species of fish and the treated water used for drinkingand other industrial purposes ranging between 70–85 scores. Thethird category includes water used in industry with no specific requests upon water quality and in agriculture ranging from 50–70 scores; the fourth category includes water used only afterbeing treated in areas with water shortage which is less than 50 scores.According to results obtained by investigations, the water of theVrgorska Matica River and Prud Spring falls into the second (II)category, while water from the Modro Oko Lake belongs to the first (I) category. This means that the Matica River water does not influence the water quality of the Modro Oko Lake. This lakewater quality is influenced by the Rastoka Matica River from theRastoko polje which is located upstream from the Vrgorska MaticaRiver. This has been proved by dyeing tests.